• s3c2440 nand flash 拷贝实验


    首先明确一下我们的编程步骤。

    (1)、加电在nand_flash加载boot.s中4K以内的程序。这4k将自动拷贝到SRAM(片内RAM)执行。

    (2)、我们需要用这4k的程序实现nand-flash中4K以后的程序的拷贝(当然,拷贝到SDRAM基址为0x30000000处)继续执行(main.o部分的程序)。对于SDRAM的初始化和Watchdog的禁用已经在前一个实验中使用到了,这里就不再详细叙述。主要来看一下nand-flash的初始化和使用。


    查阅一下s3c2440的空间布局。查看手册图Figure 5-1. S3C2440A Memory Map after Reset一目了然。

    有8个banks— Total 8 memory banksSix memory banks for ROM, SRAM, etc.Remaining two memory banks for ROM, SRAM, SDRAM, etc .


    每个bank拥有128M空间。当访问bankx时,对应的地址范围是128*n 到 128*(1+n)tq2440使用了64M的nand flash和64M的SDROMNAND Flash不对应任何bank,他是通过几组寄存器来访问的;上电以后,nand flash开始的4k数据被自动的复制到芯片内部一个称为steppingstone的RAM上。steppingstore的映射地址为0,上面的4k完成初始化工作;SDRAM则使用bank6,起始位置为0x30000000


    该实验中我们将使用SDRAM的bank6实验目的:

    (1)、mem controller的原理和工作过程

    (2)、bank的使用

    (3)、nand flash的读写控制

    (4)、启动代码流程分析

    在实际编程中,uboot和vivi都是绝佳的参考源码,我这里参考的是vivi的代码。

    vivi已经上传到新浪共享:http://ishare.iask.sina.com.cn/f/11353581.html

    datasheet上关于启动原理的介绍:
    Bank0:The data bus of BANK0 (nGCS0) should be configured with a width as one of 16-bit and 32-bit ones. Because theBANK0 works as the booting ROM bank (map to 0x0000_0000), the bus width of BANK0 should be determinedbefore the first ROM access, which will depend on the logic level of OM[1:0] at Reset.

    下面小结一下对nand flash控制器的操作过程.

     s3c2440对nandflash读写操作寄存器配置的流程:

    s3c2440对nandflash读写操作寄存器配置的流程:

    1.初始化

    (1)NFCONT= (1<<0) //enable NAND flash controller

    (2)NFCONT|= (1<<0)//chip disable

    2.复位

    (1)NFCONT&= ~(1<<1) //chip enable

    (2)NFCMD= 0xff; //reset command

    (3)while(!(NFSTAT& BUSY))等待NAND flashmemory ready to operate

    3.读函数

    (1)NFCONT&= ~(1<<1)//chip enable

    (2)NFSTAT|= (1<<2) //NAND_CLEAR_RB ,RnBtransition is detected

    (3)NFCMD= 0; //READ0,读上半叶

    (4)//Write Address

    NFADDR= i & 0xff;

    NFADDR= (i >> 9) & 0xff;

    NFADDR= (i >> 17) & 0xff;

    NFADDR= (i >> 25) & 0xff;

    (5)while(!(NFSTAT&(1<<0)) ); //NAND_DETECT_RB,等待NANDflash memory ready to operate

    (6)*buf= (NFDATA & 0xff); //读数据线

    (7)NFCONT|= (1<<1)//chip disable

    用到的nand flash初始化读操作源码:

    1 /*在第一次实用NAND Flash前,复位一下NAND Flash */
    2  void nand_flash_reset()
    3 {
    4 NAND_CHIP_ENABLE;
    5 NFCMD = 0xff; //reset command
    6   wait_idle();
    7 }
    8
    9  /*初始化NAND Flash */
    10  void nand_flash_init()
    11 {
    12 //vivi init
    13   int i = 0;
    14 NFCONF = ( (7<<12)|(7<<8)|(7<<4)|(0<<0) );
    15 NFCONT = ( (1<<4)|(0<<1)|(1<<0) );// Active low CE Control
    16   NFSTAT = (0x6);//RnB Clear
    17   NFCMD = 0xff; //reset command
    18   for(i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    19 ;
    20 wait_idle();
    21 /*
    22 //----------------------------------------------------------------
    23 // following is the copy module
    24 //----------------------------------------------------------------
    25 NFCONT |= 0x2;//@ Flash Memory Chip Disable
    26 //----------------------------------------------------------------
    27 @ Flash Memory Chip Disable
    28 @ get read to call C functions (for nand_read())
    29 @ copy vivi to RAM
    30 ldr r0, =VIVI_RAM_BASE
    31 mov r1, #0x0
    32 mov r2, #0x20000
    33 bl nand_read_ll
    34 //---------------------------------------------------------------
    35 */
    36 /*
    37 NFCONT = (1<<0);
    38 NAND_CHIP_DISABLE;
    39 nand_flash_reset();
    40 */
    41 }
    42
    43  #define BUSY 1
    44 inline void wait_idle(void)
    45 {
    46 while(!(NFSTAT & BUSY));
    47 NFSTAT |= BUSY;
    48 }
    49
    50  #define NAND_SECTOR_SIZE 512
    51  #define NAND_BLOCK_MASK (NAND_SECTOR_SIZE - 1)
    52
    53  /* low level nand read function */
    54  int nand_flash_read(unsigned char *buf, unsigned long start_addr, int size)
    55 {
    56 int i, j;
    57
    58 if ((start_addr & NAND_BLOCK_MASK) || (size & NAND_BLOCK_MASK)) {
    59 return -1; /* invalid alignment */
    60 }
    61
    62 NAND_CHIP_ENABLE;
    63
    64 for(i=start_addr; i < (start_addr + size);) {
    65 /*debug*/
    66 (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000010) = 0x00015400;
    67 (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000014) = 0x00000000;
    68 /*debug*/
    69 /* READ0 */
    70 NAND_CLEAR_RB;
    71 NFCMD = 0;
    72
    73 /* Write Address */
    74 NFADDR = i & 0xff;
    75 NFADDR = (i >> 9) & 0xff;
    76 NFADDR = (i >> 17) & 0xff;
    77 NFADDR = (i >> 25) & 0xff;
    78
    79 NAND_DETECT_RB;
    80
    81 for(j=0; j < NAND_SECTOR_SIZE; j++, i++) {
    82 *buf = (NFDATA & 0xff);
    83 buf++;
    84 }
    85 /*debug*/
    86 if(i >= 512)
    87 {
    88 for(j = 0; j < 2048; j++)
    89 ;
    90 (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000014) &= (1 << 5) & (1 << 6);
    91 for(j = 0; j < 2048; j++)
    92 ;
    93 }
    94 /*debug*/
    95 }
    96 NAND_CHIP_DISABLE;
    97 return 0;
    98 }

    在sram执行的启动汇编代码:

    1 @----------------------------------------------------
    2 @ boot.s
    3 @ yeven @2010.20.28
    4 @----------------------------------------------------
    5 .text
    6 .global _start
    7  _start:
    8 ldr sp,=4096
    9 bl disable_wd @关闭看门狗
    10 bl memsetup @初始化SDRAM
    11 bl nand_flash_init @初始化nand-flash
    12
    13 @下面调用 nand_flash_read,它需要三个参数:目标地址,源地址,数据长度
    14 ldr r0,=0x30000000 @SDRAM新的起始位置
    15 mov r1,#4096 @main.o在nand-flash中的偏移,即数据起始位置
    16 mov r2,#1024 @复制长度
    17 bl nand_flash_read @调用vivi代码中的拷贝函数
    18
    19
    20 bl led_on_s
    21 ldr pc, = set_sp @设置堆栈,进入main.o执行
    22  set_sp:
    23 ldr sp,=0x34000000 @设置堆栈栈顶指针
    24 ldr lr,=halt_loop @设置主函数返回地址
    25 ldr pc,=main @执行主函数
    26
    27  halt_loop:
    28 b halt_loop
    29
    30  led_on_s:
    31 ldr r0,=0x56000010
    32 mov r1,#0x00000400
    33 str r1,[r0]
    34 ldr r0,=0x56000014
    35 mov r1,#0x00000000
    36 str r1,[r0]

    主函数执行代码,这一段将在sdram-0x30000000执行.他只是不停的闪灯:

    1 /*
    2 * mem-con.c yeven @2010.10.27
    3 * learn to use the sdram,control the memory and memory map
    4 * the main program locate at boot.s
    5 * we just light the four leds to test the result.
    6 */
    7
    8  //Register for the led
    9  #define GPBCON (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000010)
    10 #define GPBDAT (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000014)
    11
    12 //led-data register value(GPB5-GPB8)
    13 #define LED0_ON (1 << (5*2))
    14 #define LED1_ON (1 << (6*2))
    15 #define LED2_ON (1 << (7*2))
    16 #define LED3_ON (1 << (8*2))
    17 #define GPB_ON(n) (~(1 << n))
    18 #define GPB_OFF(n) (1 << n)
    19
    20 void delayms(unsigned int n)
    21 {
    22 int i = 0;
    23 for(i = 0; i < 10240*n; i++)
    24 ;
    25 }
    26
    27 int main()
    28 {
    29 GPBCON |= (LED0_ON | LED1_ON | LED2_ON | LED3_ON); //led0-4
    30 while(1)
    31 {
    32 GPBDAT |= (GPB_ON(5) | GPB_ON(6) | GPB_ON(7) | GPB_ON(8));
    33 delayms(1);
    34 GPBDAT &= (GPB_OFF(5) & GPB_OFF(6) & GPB_OFF(7) & GPB_OFF(8));
    35 delayms(1);
    36 }
    37
    38 return 0;
    39 }
    40

    编译的makfile和gnu ld文件:

    SECTIONS
    {
    first
    0x00000000: {boot.o init.o}
    second
    0x30000000: AT(4096){nand-flash-con.o}
    }
    1 nand-flash-con:init2.c init.h nand-flash-con.c boot.s
    2 arm-linux-gcc -c -o boot.o boot.s
    3 arm-linux-gcc -c -o init.o init2.c #init.h
    4 arm-linux-gcc -c -o nand-flash-con.o nand-flash-con.c
    5 arm-linux-ld -Tnand.lds boot.o init.o nand-flash-con.o -o nand-flash-con-tmp.o
    6 arm-linux-objcopy -O binary -S nand-flash-con-tmp.o nand-flash-con
    7 arm-linux-objdump -D -b binary -m arm nand-flash-con > ttt.s
    8 clean:
    9 rm *.o
    10 rm nand-flash-con
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yixiaoyang/p/1869337.html
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