Jenkins部署实战篇
作者：尹正杰
版权声明：原创作品，谢绝转载！否则将追究法律责任。
一.持续集成理论
1>.开发写代码的演变过程
1.1>.一个开发单打独斗，撸代码，开发网站，自由自在；
1.2>.多个开发同时开发一个网站，同时改一份代码。但是同时给一个文件会导致冲突；
1.3>.分支结构，每天上班第一件事克隆代码，下班前最后一件事合并代码；
1.4>.好景不长，开发越来越多，代码文件越来越多。每天下班前合并代码时，发现很多合并失败的文件。为了解决这些合并失败的文件，最后每天加班3小时人工合并代码而且还没有工资；
温馨提示：面临以上的问题的解决方法：将合并代码的周期缩短，以前一天，现在两小时，一小时，半小时......,随时随地将代码合并，这种方法专业术语叫做持续集成。
2>.持续集成特点
持续集成的英文名称为：Continuous Integation，简称CI。持续集成指的是，频繁地（一天多次）将代码集成到主干。它的好处主要有以下两个：
2.1>.快速发现错误。每完成一点更新，就集成到主干，可以快速发现错误，定位错误也比较容易；
2.2>.防止分支大幅度偏离主干。如果不是经常集成，主干又在不断更新，会导致以后集成的难度变大，甚至难以集成；
3>.运维测试代码的演变
3.1>.初级运维很苦逼，刚开始开发每次合并一次代码，然后运维把代码pull下来测试就可以了；
3.2>.但是，后来开发引进了持续集成方法论，开发们都“弹冠相庆”；
3.3>.运维同学感觉好苦逼，一天到晚不听的测试代码；
3.4>.每天下班之后，运维拖着疲倦的身子回到宿舍，就想，有没有办法自动化？
3.5>.初级运维请教了传说中的大神，知道了一些方法；
3.6>.借助一个自动化的部署工具，叫做Jenkins；
3.7>.开发上传自己的代码到GitLab，GitLab发消息通知Jenkins，随后Jenkins从仓库拉取代码，最后全自动部署到测试服务进行相关测试，并将测试结果通知运维和开发；
3.8>.还有偷懒的方法，直接把这个工具交给开发使用，从此就可以高枕无忧了；
温馨提示：这种自动测试的方法叫做持续交付。
4>.持续交付特点
持续交付英文名称为：Continuous Delivery，简称CD。我们可以说持续交付是持续集成的下一步，它的好处主要有以下两个：
4.1>.持续交付指的是频繁的将软件的新版本，交付给质量团队或者用户，以供审批。如果评审通过，代码就进入生产阶段；
4.2>.持续交付可以看作持续集成的下一步。它强调的时，不管怎么更新，软件是随时随地可以交付的；
5>.运维上线代码的演变
5.1>.代码测试通过了，该到生产环境部署了，运维又该干活了；
5.2>.其实这是一锤子买卖了，要么成功，要么失败回滚；
5.3>.可以使用自动部署工具，但是很多公司还是相信人工上线；
5.4>.但是我们还有偷懒的方法，比如Ansible，Saltstack；
温馨提示：这里也有个方法叫做持续部署。
6>.持续部署特点
持续部署，的英文名称为：Continuous Deployment，简称CD。把代码部署到服务器就是持续部署，它有以下两个特点：
6.1>.持续部署是持续交付的下一步，指的是代码通过评审以后，自动部署到生产环境；
6.2>.持续部署的目标是，代码在任何时刻都是可部署的，可以进入生产阶段；
温馨提示：你是否经常听一些做持续集成的公司喜欢说的行话：CI/CD ->持续集成/持续交付/持续部署。
二.Jenkins介绍
1>.Jenkins是一个用Java编写的开源的持续集成工具。在Oracle发生争执后，项目充Hudson项目独立出来；
2>.Jenkins提供了软件开发的持续集成服务；
3>.Jenkins运行在servlet容器中（例如Apache Tomcat）；
4>.Jenkins支持软件配置管理（SCM）工具（包括Accurev SCM，CVS，Subversion，Git，Perforce，Clearcase和RIC）；
5>.Jenkins可以执行基于Apache Ant和Apache Maven的项目，以及任意的shell脚本和Windows批处理命令；
6>.Jenkins的主要开发者是川口耕介；
7>.Jenkins是MIT许可证下发布的自由软件；
三.安装Jenkins环境准备
1>.Jenkins服务器配置
2>.GitLab服务器配置
3>.Jenkins的RPM安装包下载地址
本篇博客采用常规安装方法，即使用RPM包安装
Jenkins官网的RPM安装包：http://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/
清华源地址关于Jenkins的安装包：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/jenkins/redhat-stable/
4>.linux中能发邮件的账号
四.安装Jenkins
1>.安装jdk
[root@jenkins yinzhengjie]# yum search jdk Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.shu.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com * updates: mirrors.shu.edu.cn ====================================================== N/S matched: jdk ======================================================= copy-jdk-configs.noarch : JDKs configuration files copier java-1.6.0-openjdk.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment java-1.6.0-openjdk-demo.x86_64 : OpenJDK Demos java-1.6.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 : OpenJDK Development Environment java-1.6.0-openjdk-javadoc.x86_64 : OpenJDK API Documentation java-1.6.0-openjdk-src.x86_64 : OpenJDK Source Bundle java-1.7.0-openjdk.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment java-1.7.0-openjdk-accessibility.x86_64 : OpenJDK accessibility connector java-1.7.0-openjdk-demo.x86_64 : OpenJDK Demos java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 : OpenJDK Development Environment java-1.7.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 : The OpenJDK runtime environment without audio and video support java-1.7.0-openjdk-javadoc.noarch : OpenJDK API Documentation java-1.7.0-openjdk-src.x86_64 : OpenJDK Source Bundle java-1.8.0-openjdk.i686 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment java-1.8.0-openjdk-accessibility.i686 : OpenJDK accessibility connector java-1.8.0-openjdk-accessibility.x86_64 : OpenJDK accessibility connector java-1.8.0-openjdk-accessibility-debug.i686 : OpenJDK accessibility connector for packages with debug on java-1.8.0-openjdk-accessibility-debug.x86_64 : OpenJDK accessibility connector for packages with debug on java-1.8.0-openjdk-debug.i686 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment with full debug on java-1.8.0-openjdk-debug.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment with full debug on java-1.8.0-openjdk-demo.i686 : OpenJDK Demos java-1.8.0-openjdk-demo.x86_64 : OpenJDK Demos java-1.8.0-openjdk-demo-debug.i686 : OpenJDK Demos with full debug on java-1.8.0-openjdk-demo-debug.x86_64 : OpenJDK Demos with full debug on java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel.i686 : OpenJDK Development Environment java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 : OpenJDK Development Environment java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel-debug.i686 : OpenJDK Development Environment with full debug on java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel-debug.x86_64 : OpenJDK Development Environment with full debug on java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.i686 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-debug.i686 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment with full debug on java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-debug.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment with full debug on java-1.8.0-openjdk-javadoc.noarch : OpenJDK API Documentation java-1.8.0-openjdk-javadoc-debug.noarch : OpenJDK API Documentation for packages with debug on java-1.8.0-openjdk-javadoc-zip.noarch : OpenJDK API Documentation compressed in single archive java-1.8.0-openjdk-javadoc-zip-debug.noarch : OpenJDK API Documentation compressed in single archive for packages with debug on java-1.8.0-openjdk-src.i686 : OpenJDK Source Bundle java-1.8.0-openjdk-src.x86_64 : OpenJDK Source Bundle java-1.8.0-openjdk-src-debug.i686 : OpenJDK Source Bundle for packages with debug on java-1.8.0-openjdk-src-debug.x86_64 : OpenJDK Source Bundle for packages with debug on ldapjdk-javadoc.noarch : Javadoc for ldapjdk icedtea-web.x86_64 : Additional Java components for OpenJDK - Java browser plug-in and Web Start implementation ldapjdk.noarch : The Mozilla LDAP Java SDK Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything. [root@jenkins yinzhengjie]#
[root@jenkins yinzhengjie]# yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.shu.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com * updates: mirrors.shu.edu.cn Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 1:1.8.0.181-3.b13.el7_5 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless(x86-64) = 1:1.8.0.181-3.b13.el7_5 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.181-3.b13.el7_5.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libjvm.so(SUNWprivate_1.1)(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.181-3.b13.el7_5.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libjava.so(SUNWprivate_1.1)(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.181-3.b13.el7_5.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libjvm.so()(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.181-3.b13.el7_5.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libjava.so()(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.181-3.b13.el7_5.x86_64 ---> Package java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 1:1.8.0.181-3.b13.el7_5 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 1:1.8.0.181-3.b13.el7_5 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: jpackage-utils for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.181-3.b13.el7_5.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package javapackages-tools.noarch 0:3.4.1-11.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: python-javapackages = 3.4.1-11.el7 for package: javapackages-tools-3.4.1-11.el7.noarch --> Running transaction check ---> Package python-javapackages.noarch 0:3.4.1-11.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved =============================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =============================================================================================================================== Installing: java-1.8.0-openjdk x86_64 1:1.8.0.181-3.b13.el7_5 updates 250 k java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel x86_64 1:1.8.0.181-3.b13.el7_5 updates 9.8 M Installing for dependencies: java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless x86_64 1:1.8.0.181-3.b13.el7_5 updates 32 M javapackages-tools noarch 3.4.1-11.el7 base 73 k python-javapackages noarch 3.4.1-11.el7 base 31 k Transaction Summary =============================================================================================================================== Install 2 Packages (+3 Dependent packages) Total download size: 42 M Installed size: 144 M Downloading packages: (1/5): python-javapackages-3.4.1-11.el7.noarch.rpm | 31 kB 00:00:00 (2/5): javapackages-tools-3.4.1-11.el7.noarch.rpm | 73 kB 00:00:00 java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.181-3 FAILED ] 579 kB/s | 9.8 MB 00:00:56 ETA http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/7.5.1804/updates/x86_64/Packages/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.181-3.b13.el7_5.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed to connect to 2001:da8:d800:95::110: Network is unreachable" Trying other mirror. (3/5): java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.181-3.b13.el7_5.x86_64.rpm | 250 kB 00:00:00 (4/5): java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel-1.8.0.181-3.b13.el7_5.x86_64.rpm | 9.8 MB 00:00:47 (5/5): java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.181-3.b13.el7_5.x86_64.rpm | 32 MB 00:01:02 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 687 kB/s | 42 MB 00:01:02 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : python-javapackages-3.4.1-11.el7.noarch 1/5 Installing : javapackages-tools-3.4.1-11.el7.noarch 2/5 Installing : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.181-3.b13.el7_5.x86_64 3/5 Installing : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.181-3.b13.el7_5.x86_64 4/5 Installing : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel-1.8.0.181-3.b13.el7_5.x86_64 5/5 Verifying : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.181-3.b13.el7_5.x86_64 1/5 Verifying : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.181-3.b13.el7_5.x86_64 2/5 Verifying : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel-1.8.0.181-3.b13.el7_5.x86_64 3/5 Verifying : python-javapackages-3.4.1-11.el7.noarch 4/5 Verifying : javapackages-tools-3.4.1-11.el7.noarch 5/5 Installed: java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 1:1.8.0.181-3.b13.el7_5 java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 1:1.8.0.181-3.b13.el7_5 Dependency Installed: java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 1:1.8.0.181-3.b13.el7_5 javapackages-tools.noarch 0:3.4.1-11.el7 python-javapackages.noarch 0:3.4.1-11.el7 Complete! [root@jenkins yinzhengjie]#
[root@jenkins yinzhengjie]# java -version #查看java版本 openjdk version "1.8.0_181" OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_181-b13) OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.181-b13, mixed mode) [root@jenkins yinzhengjie]# [root@jenkins ~]# mkdir /usr/java #切结，如果是源码安装的java的话，我们需要手动创建这个目录 [root@jenkins ~]# [root@jenkins ~]# cd /usr/java/ [root@jenkins java]# [root@jenkins java]# ln -s /soft/jdk1.8.0_181/ /usr/java/jdk1.8 #这两个链接必须得做，否则如果你rpm方式安装jdk的话，可能会出现Jenkins只启动进程，但是端口始终无法启动的状况 [root@jenkins java]# [root@jenkins java]# ln -s /soft/jdk1.8.0_181/ /usr/java/defalut [root@jenkins java]#
2>.安装Jenkins的rpm安装包
[root@jenkins download]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/jenkins/redhat-stable/jenkins-2.73.1-1.1.noarch.rpm --2018-09-08 20:13:20-- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/jenkins/redhat-stable/jenkins-2.73.1-1.1.noarch.rpm Resolving mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn (mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn)... 101.6.8.193, 2402:f000:1:408:8100::1 Connecting to mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn (mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn)|101.6.8.193|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 72756863 (69M) [application/x-redhat-package-manager] Saving to: ‘jenkins-2.73.1-1.1.noarch.rpm’ 100%[=====================================================================================>] 72,756,863 496KB/s in 2m 0s 2018-09-08 20:15:20 (593 KB/s) - ‘jenkins-2.73.1-1.1.noarch.rpm’ saved [72756863/72756863] [root@jenkins download]# ll total 71052 drwxrwxr-x 3 yinzhengjie yinzhengjie 144 Sep 6 13:26 cdh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72756863 Sep 14 2017 jenkins-2.73.1-1.1.noarch.rpm [root@jenkins download]#
[root@jenkins download]# ll total 71052 drwxrwxr-x 3 yinzhengjie yinzhengjie 144 Sep 6 13:26 cdh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72756863 Sep 14 2017 jenkins-2.73.1-1.1.noarch.rpm [root@jenkins download]# [root@jenkins download]# rpm -ivh jenkins-2.73.1-1.1.noarch.rpm warning: jenkins-2.73.1-1.1.noarch.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID d50582e6: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:jenkins-2.73.1-1.1 ################################# [100%] [root@jenkins download]#
3>.启动Jenkins服务
[root@jenkins download]# /etc/init.d/jenkins start Starting jenkins (via systemctl): [ OK ] [root@jenkins download]# [root@jenkins download]# [root@jenkins download]# [root@jenkins download]# [root@jenkins download]# ps -ef | grep jenkins jenkins 5627 1 0 20:18 ? 00:00:00 /etc/alternatives/java -Djava.awt.headless=true -DJENKINS_HOME=/var/lib/jenkins -jar /usr/lib/jenkins/jenkins.war --logfile=/var/log/jenkins/jenkins.log --webroot=/var/cache/jenkins/war --daemon --httpPort=8080 --debug=5 --handlerCountMax=100 --handlerCountMaxIdle=20 root 5647 5501 0 20:20 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto jenkins [root@jenkins download]# [root@jenkins ~]# netstat -untalp | grep 8080 tcp6 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 6106/java [root@jenkins ~]#
4>.访问Jenkins的webUI界面（根据界面的提示信息，去服务器端将密码写进去即可）
5>.上个步骤执行成功后，会弹出下面的对话框，我们点击关闭即可
6>.开始使用Jenkins
7>.如果出现下面的界面，那么恭喜你，Jenkins部署成功啦！
8>.Jenkins的目录介绍
[root@jenkins ~]# rpm -ql jenkins /etc/init.d/jenkins #启动文件存放位置 /etc/logrotate.d/jenkins #日志分割配置文件 /etc/sysconfig/jenkins #Jenkins主配置文件 /usr/lib/jenkins /usr/lib/jenkins/jenkins.war #war包存放目录，war包就是把网站站点打个包 /usr/sbin/rcjenkins #Jenkins的命令 /var/cache/jenkins #war包解压目录，Jenkins网页代码目录 /var/lib/jenkins #Jenkins的工作目录，Jenkins的配置就在这个目录 /var/log/jenkins #Jenkins的日志存放目录 [root@jenkins ~]#
五.修改Jenkins密码（我们在安装Jenkins的时候就发现Jenkins存放初始密码存放位置是：/var/lib/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword）
1>.点击当前用户，进入用户配置界面
2>.点击设置
3>.修改密码
4>.点击注销
5>.使用新密码登录Jenkins
6>.经过我反复验证，修改密码后，原始存放Jenkins密码文件并没有发生变化
六.Jenkins的其它操作
1>.Jenkins的插件安装
详情请参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/p/9589319.html
2>.
3>.