• Python的常用内置函数介绍


                      Python的常用内置函数介绍

                                      作者:尹正杰

    版权声明:原创作品,谢绝转载!否则将追究法律责任。

    一.取绝对值(abs)

     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
     3 #@author :yinzhengjie
     4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
     5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
     6 
     7 print(abs(-9))
     8 
     9 
    10 以上代码执行结果如下:
    11 
    12 print(abs(-9))

    二.布尔运算and运算(all)

     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
     3 #@author :yinzhengjie
     4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
     5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
     6 
     7 print(all([]))                          #传入的必须是一个列表
     8 print(all([1,3,4]))
     9 print(all([0,1,2]))
    10 print(all([1,3,None]))
    11 print(all([1,""]))
    12 print(all(i for i in range(1,3)))       #当然传入一个列表生成器也是可以的
    13 print(all([i for i in range(1,3)]))     #和上面一行是等效的,Python会自动帮助列表生成器补充“[]”
    14 
    15 
    16 #以上代码执行结果如下:
    17 True
    18 True
    19 False
    20 False
    21 False
    22 True
    23 True

    三.布尔运算or运算(any)

     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
     3 #@author :yinzhengjie
     4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
     5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
     6 
     7 print(any(""))
     8 print(any([0,"",()]))
     9 print(any([0,1]))
    10 
    11 #以上代码执行结果如下:
    12 False
    13 False
    14 True

    四.二进制转换(bin)

     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
     3 #@author :yinzhengjie
     4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
     5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
     6 
     7 print(bin(3))
     8 print(bin(7))
     9 print(bin(20))
    10 
    11 
    12 以上代码执行结果如下:
    13 0b11
    14 0b111
    15 0b10100

    五.八进制转换(oct)

     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
     3 #@author :yinzhengjie
     4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
     5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
     6 
     7 print(oct(9))
     8 print(oct(21))
     9 
    10 
    11 
    12 #以上代码执行结果如下:
    13 0o11
    14 0o25

    六.十六进制转换(hex)

     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
     3 #@author :yinzhengjie
     4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
     5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
     6 
     7 print(hex(7))
     8 print(hex(14))
     9 print(hex(12))
    10 print(hex(21))
    11 
    12 
    13 
    14 #以上代码执行结果如下:
    15 0x7
    16 0xe
    17 0xc
    18 0x15

    七.布尔运算(bool)

     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
     3 #@author :yinzhengjie
     4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
     5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
     6 
     7 print(bool(0))
     8 print(bool(None))
     9 print(bool(""))
    10 print(bool("yinzhengjie"))
    11 
    12 
    13 
    14 #以上代码执行结果如下:
    15 False
    16 False
    17 False
    18 True

    八.字符串转换(bytes)

     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
     3 #@author :yinzhengjie
     4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
     5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
     6 
     7 
     8 Name = "yinzhengjie"
     9 print(Name)
    10 print(bytes(Name,encoding="utf-8"))  #将字符串"yinzhengjie"转换成“utf-8”编码的字节
    11 print(Name.encode("utf-8"))         #这种方式和上面的执行小伙一样
    12 
    13 
    14 
    15 #以上代码执行结果如下:
    16 yinzhengjie
    17 b'yinzhengjie'
    18 b'yinzhengjie'

    九.判断函数是否可以被调用(callable)

     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
     3 #@author :yinzhengjie
     4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
     5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
     6 
     7 
     8 def PersonalIntroduction(Name):
     9     print("Hello! My name is %s"% Name)
    10 
    11 print(callable(PersonalIntroduction))  #判断“PersonalIntroduction”这个函数是否可以被调用
    12 
    13 
    14 
    15 #以上代码执行结果如下:
    16 True

    十.将ASCII编码表正解(chr)

     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
     3 #@author :yinzhengjie
     4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
     5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
     6 
     7 
     8 print(chr(81))      #将ASCII编码表中的数字编号对应的字母打印出来
     9 print(chr(66))
    10 
    11 
    12 #以上代码执行结果如下:
    13 Q
    14 B

    十一.将ASCII编码表反解(ord)

     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
     3 #@author :yinzhengjie
     4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
     5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
     6 
     7 
     8 print(ord("A"))     #与chr内置函数相反,是将字母对应在ASCII编码表中的数字找出来。
     9 print(ord("a"))
    10 
    11 
    12 #以上代码执行结果如下:
    13 65
    14 97

    十二.实数与虚数的判断(complex)

     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
     3 #@author :yinzhengjie
     4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
     5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
     6 
     7 
     8 X = 1 + 2j  #等效于"X = complex(1 + 2j)"
     9 
    10 Y = 3 - 2j
    11 print(X.real)   #实数
    12 print(X.imag)   #虚数
    13 
    14 print(Y.real)
    15 print(Y.imag)
    16 
    17 
    18 #以上代码值解析结果如下:
    19 1.0
    20 2.0
    21 3.0
    22 -2.0

    十三.查看一个对象拥有哪些可以调用的方法(dir)

     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
     3 #@author :yinzhengjie
     4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
     5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
     6 
     7 
     8 import os
     9 
    10 print(dir(os))      #查看一个对象有哪些方法
    11 
    12 
    13 
    14 
    15 #以上代码执行结果如下:
    16 ['DirEntry', 'F_OK', 'MutableMapping', 'O_APPEND', 'O_BINARY', 'O_CREAT', 'O_EXCL', 'O_NOINHERIT', 'O_RANDOM', 'O_RDONLY', 'O_RDWR', 'O_SEQUENTIAL', 'O_SHORT_LIVED', 'O_TEMPORARY', 'O_TEXT', 'O_TRUNC', 'O_WRONLY', 'P_DETACH', 'P_NOWAIT', 'P_NOWAITO', 'P_OVERLAY', 'P_WAIT', 'PathLike', 'R_OK', 'SEEK_CUR', 'SEEK_END', 'SEEK_SET', 'TMP_MAX', 'W_OK', 'X_OK', '_Environ', '__all__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', '_execvpe', '_exists', '_exit', '_fspath', '_get_exports_list', '_putenv', '_unsetenv', '_wrap_close', 'abc', 'abort', 'access', 'altsep', 'chdir', 'chmod', 'close', 'closerange', 'cpu_count', 'curdir', 'defpath', 'device_encoding', 'devnull', 'dup', 'dup2', 'environ', 'errno', 'error', 'execl', 'execle', 'execlp', 'execlpe', 'execv', 'execve', 'execvp', 'execvpe', 'extsep', 'fdopen', 'fsdecode', 'fsencode', 'fspath', 'fstat', 'fsync', 'ftruncate', 'get_exec_path', 'get_handle_inheritable', 'get_inheritable', 'get_terminal_size', 'getcwd', 'getcwdb', 'getenv', 'getlogin', 'getpid', 'getppid', 'isatty', 'kill', 'linesep', 'link', 'listdir', 'lseek', 'lstat', 'makedirs', 'mkdir', 'name', 'open', 'pardir', 'path', 'pathsep', 'pipe', 'popen', 'putenv', 'read', 'readlink', 'remove', 'removedirs', 'rename', 'renames', 'replace', 'rmdir', 'scandir', 'sep', 'set_handle_inheritable', 'set_inheritable', 'spawnl', 'spawnle', 'spawnv', 'spawnve', 'st', 'startfile', 'stat', 'stat_float_times', 'stat_result', 'statvfs_result', 'strerror', 'supports_bytes_environ', 'supports_dir_fd', 'supports_effective_ids', 'supports_fd', 'supports_follow_symlinks', 'symlink', 'sys', 'system', 'terminal_size', 'times', 'times_result', 'truncate', 'umask', 'uname_result', 'unlink', 'urandom', 'utime', 'waitpid', 'walk', 'write']

    十四.查看对象的帮助信息(help)

     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
     3 #@author :yinzhengjie
     4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
     5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
     6 
     7 
     8 def yzj():
     9     "Add by yinzhengjie"
    10     pass
    11 
    12 print(help(yzj))     #查看函数的帮助信息
    13 
    14 
    15 
    16 
    17 #以上代码执行结果如下:
    18 Help on function yzj in module __main__:
    19 
    20 yzj()
    21     Add by yinzhengjie
    22 
    23 None

    十五.取商和余数(divmod(10,3))

     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
     3 #@author :yinzhengjie
     4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
     5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
     6 
     7 
     8 TotalCount = 10
     9 PerCount = 3
    10 res = divmod(TotalCount,PerCount)   #可以用于分页的案例操作
    11 if res[1] > 0:
    12     page = res[0] + 1
    13 
    14 print(page)
    15 
    16 
    17 #以上代码执行结果如下:
    18 4

    十六.给可迭代对象添加序号(enumerate)

     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
     3 #@author :yinzhengjie
     4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
     5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
     6 
     7 array = ["yinzhengjie","18"]
     8 for i in enumerate(array):
     9     print(i)
    10 
    11 
    12 
    13 #以上代码执行结果如下:
    14 (0, 'yinzhengjie')
    15 (1, '18')

    十七.设置不可变集合(frozenset

     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
     3 #@author :yinzhengjie
     4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
     5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
     6 
     7 s = frozenset({1,2,3})      #设置不可变集合
     8 print(s)
     9 
    10 
    11 s2 = set([100,200,300])
    12 s2.add(400)
    13 s2.pop()
    14 print(s2)
    15 
    16 
    17 #以上代码执行结果如下:
    18 frozenset({1, 2, 3})
    19 {100, 400, 300}

    十八.全局变量(globals)与局部变量(locals)

     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
     3 #@author :yinzhengjie
     4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
     5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
     6 
     7 print(globals())                    #查看全局变量;
     8 print(locals())                     #查看当前作用域的局部变量;
     9 print(globals() is locals())        #由于改行代码在全局作用域写的,全局作用域的变量就是本地变量;
    10 
    11 
    12 
    13 #以上代码执行结果如下:
    14 {'__name__': '__main__', '__doc__': None, '__package__': None, '__loader__': <_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader object at 0x006E65B0>, '__spec__': None, '__annotations__': {}, '__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, '__file__': 'E:/Code/pycharm/文件存放处/python学习笔记/DAY8/1.内置函数.py', '__cached__': None}
    15 {'__name__': '__main__', '__doc__': None, '__package__': None, '__loader__': <_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader object at 0x006E65B0>, '__spec__': None, '__annotations__': {}, '__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, '__file__': 'E:/Code/pycharm/文件存放处/python学习笔记/DAY8/1.内置函数.py', '__cached__': None}
    16 True

    十九.计算hash值

     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
     3 #@author :yinzhengjie
     4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
     5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
     6 
     7 s1 = "yinzhengjie"
     8 s2 = "yinzhengjie"
     9 
    10 print(hash(s1))
    11 print(hash(s2))
    12 
    13 
    14 
    15 #以上代码执行结果如下:
    16 -578215773
    17 -578215773

    二十.判断数据类型(isinstance)

     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
     3 #@author :yinzhengjie
     4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
     5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
     6 
     7 Name = "尹正杰"
     8 print(type(Name))
     9 print(isinstance(Name,str))
    10 
    11 
    12 
    13 #以上代码执行结果如下:
    14 <class 'str'>
    15 True

    二十一.取最大值(max)

     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
     3 #@author :yinzhengjie
     4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
     5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
     6 
     7 print(max([100,200,300]))   #取最大值
     8 print(max((3,5,7)))
     9 print(
    10     max(
    11         i for i in range(10)
    12     )
    13 )
    14 
    15 
    16 #以上代码执行结果如下:
    17 300
    18 7
    19 9

    二十二.算数运算(pow)

     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
     3 #@author :yinzhengjie
     4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
     5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
     6 
     7 print(pow(3,2))     #计算3的2次方的值
     8 print(pow(3,2,2))   #计算3的2次方在于相除取余数
     9 
    10 
    11 
    12 
    13 #以上代码执行结果如下:
    14 9
    15 1

    二十三.range用法

     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
     3 #@author :yinzhengjie
     4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
     5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
     6 
     7 for i in range(0,5):
     8     print(i)
     9     
    10 for i in range(0,5,2):
    11     print(i)
    12 
    13 for j in range(-5,0):
    14     print(j)
    15 
    16 for j in range(5,0,-1):
    17     print(j)
    18 
    19 
    20 
    21 #以上代码执行结果如下:
    22 0
    23 1
    24 2
    25 3
    26 4
    27 0
    28 2
    29 4
    30 -5
    31 -4
    32 -3
    33 -2
    34 -1
    35 5
    36 4
    37 3
    38 2
    39 1

    二十四.列表反转(reversed)

     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
     3 #@author :yinzhengjie
     4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
     5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
     6 
     7 list_1 = ["a1","a2","a3","a4","a5","a6","a7","a8","a9"]
     8 print(list_1[2:5:2])
     9 print(list_1[:])
    10 print(list_1[::2])
    11 print(list_1[::-1])
    12 
    13 print(list(reversed(list_1)))   #将列表进行反转,和“print(list_1[::-1])”功能一样
    14 
    15 
    16 
    17 #以上代码执行结果如下:
    18 ['a3', 'a5']
    19 ['a1', 'a2', 'a3', 'a4', 'a5', 'a6', 'a7', 'a8', 'a9']
    20 ['a1', 'a3', 'a5', 'a7', 'a9']
    21 ['a9', 'a8', 'a7', 'a6', 'a5', 'a4', 'a3', 'a2', 'a1']
    22 ['a9', 'a8', 'a7', 'a6', 'a5', 'a4', 'a3', 'a2', 'a1']

    二十五.四舍五入运算(round)

     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
     3 #@author :yinzhengjie
     4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
     5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
     6 
     7 print(round(6.5568321,3))   #表示对“6.5568321”进行四舍五入保留三位小数点
     8 
     9 
    10 
    11 
    12 #以上代码执行结果如下:
    13 6.557

    二十六.取切片操作(slice)

     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
     3 #@author :yinzhengjie
     4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
     5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
     6 
     7 l = ["a1","a2","a3","a4","a5","a6","a7","a8","a9"]
     8 print(l[2:5:2])
     9 
    10 x = slice(2,5,2)
    11 print(l[x])
    12 
    13 
    14 
    15 #以上代码执行结果如下:
    16 ['a3', 'a5']
    17 ['a3', 'a5']

    二十七.计算int类型的之和(sum)

     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
     3 #@author :yinzhengjie
     4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
     5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
     6 
     7 s1 = (i for i in  range(101))
     8 s2 = [100,-200,300]
     9 print(sum(s1))      #只能计算int类型的数字之和。
    10 print(sum(s2))
    11 
    12 
    13 
    14 
    15 #以上代码执行结果如下:
    16 5050
    17 200

    二十八.拉链函数(zip)

     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
     3 #@author :yinzhengjie
     4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
     5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
     6 
     7 s1 = "yinzhengjie"
     8 s2 = "123456789"
     9 
    10 for i in zip(s1,s2):
    11     print(i)
    12 
    13 
    14 
    15 #以上代码执行结果如下:
    16 ('y', '1')
    17 ('i', '2')
    18 ('n', '3')
    19 ('z', '4')
    20 ('h', '5')
    21 ('e', '6')
    22 ('n', '7')
    23 ('g', '8')
    24 ('j', '9')

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/p/8486368.html
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