使用Docker快速部署Mysql服务器
作者：尹正杰
版权声明：原创作品，谢绝转载！否则将追究法律责任。
请原谅我是一个标题党，我个人觉得没有必要从头做MySQL的镜像，可以在官方提供的MySQL镜像的基础之上更迭咱们自己的软件。接下来我们谈谈一下如何下载官方的镜像并启动过程。
一.下载MySQL镜像并启动
1>.访问Docker的官方镜像仓库(https://hub.docker.com/)
2>.选择好MySQL分支后,点击"tag",如下图所示，会列出响应的版本
3>.选择相应的MySQL版本
4>.二话不说，直接使用Docker下载对应的Mysql镜像
[root@docker201.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx v0.2-20200118-1225 35c0c66e03ac 2 hours ago 448MB jason/centos7-nginx v0.1.20200114 7372d16c99bc 27 hours ago 448MB jason/centos7-nginx latest c4e0980a825a 28 hours ago 448MB centos centos7.6.1810 f1cb7c7d58b7 10 months ago 202MB [root@docker201.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@docker201.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# docker image pull mysql:5.6.44 5.6.44: Pulling from library/mysql 0a4690c5d889: Pull complete 98aa2fc6cbeb: Pull complete 0777e6eb0e6f: Pull complete 2464189c041c: Pull complete b45df9dc827d: Pull complete 8f57052b58bf: Pull complete ee774b34419e: Pull complete bcb6c29a9771: Pull complete f5eace967cb6: Pull complete fe457a2a894d: Pull complete a3266082cf3b: Pull complete Digest: sha256:02b3ddb41d6e5d48d24aa8e59e1cd5870ddaca8ba7cdedf6602f7e6266240d64 Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.6.44 [root@docker201.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@docker201.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx v0.2-20200118-1225 35c0c66e03ac 2 hours ago 448MB jason/centos7-nginx v0.1.20200114 7372d16c99bc 28 hours ago 448MB jason/centos7-nginx latest c4e0980a825a 28 hours ago 448MB mysql 5.6.44 c30095c52827 6 months ago 256MB centos centos7.6.1810 f1cb7c7d58b7 10 months ago 202MB [root@docker201.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@docker201.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
5>.启动MySQL容器的镜像
[root@docker201.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# docker container run -it --rm mysql:5.6.44 #直接启动时可能会报错，如下所示，那是因为咱们没有为容器的MySQL指定密码，使用"-e"参数指定密码即可。 error: database is uninitialized and password option is not specified You need to specify one of MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD, MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD and MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD [root@docker201.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@docker201.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@docker201.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# docker container run -it --rm -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=yinzhengjie mysql:5.6.44 #注意，该容器退出后会自动删除哟~ Initializing database 2020-01-18 14:26:19 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2020-01-18 14:26:19 0 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap. 2020-01-18 14:26:19 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.44) starting as process 34 ... 2020-01-18 14:26:19 34 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages 2020-01-18 14:26:19 34 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 2020-01-18 14:26:19 34 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 2020-01-18 14:26:19 34 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used 2020-01-18 14:26:19 34 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.11 2020-01-18 14:26:19 34 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 2020-01-18 14:26:19 34 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions 2020-01-18 14:26:19 34 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M ...... MySQL init process done. Ready for start up. 2020-01-18 14:26:29 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2020-01-18 14:26:29 0 [Note] mysqld (mysqld 5.6.44) starting as process 1 ... 2020-01-18 14:26:29 1 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. 2020-01-18 14:26:29 1 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages 2020-01-18 14:26:29 1 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 2020-01-18 14:26:29 1 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 2020-01-18 14:26:29 1 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used 2020-01-18 14:26:29 1 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.11 2020-01-18 14:26:29 1 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 2020-01-18 14:26:29 1 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions 2020-01-18 14:26:29 1 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 2020-01-18 14:26:29 1 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 2020-01-18 14:26:29 1 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda. 2020-01-18 14:26:29 1 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active. 2020-01-18 14:26:29 1 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start 2020-01-18 14:26:29 1 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.44 started; log sequence number 1625997 2020-01-18 14:26:29 1 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '*'; port: 3306 2020-01-18 14:26:29 1 [Note] IPv6 is available. 2020-01-18 14:26:29 1 [Note] - '::' resolves to '::'; 2020-01-18 14:26:29 1 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'. 2020-01-18 14:26:29 1 [Warning] Insecure configuration for --pid-file: Location '/var/run/mysqld' in the path is accessible to all OS users. Consider choosing a different directory. 2020-01-18 14:26:29 1 [Warning] 'proxies_priv' entry '@ root@d1197bf0e557' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode. 2020-01-18 14:26:29 1 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events 2020-01-18 14:26:29 1 [Note] mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '5.6.44' socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
6>.使用容器启动MySQL时的注意事项（应该单独指定存储卷路径，否则容器消亡后数据也会跟着丢失啦）
[root@docker201.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES d1197bf0e557 mysql:5.6.44 "docker-entrypoint.s…" About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp vibrant_rosalind d517b3a369ef nginx:v0.2-20200118-1225 "nginx" 2 hours ago Up 2 hours 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, 443/tcp myNginx [root@docker201.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@docker201.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# docker container exec -it d1197bf0e557 bash root@d1197bf0e557:/# root@d1197bf0e557:/# ls -l /var/lib/mysql/ total 110604 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 56 Jan 18 14:26 auto.cnf -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jan 18 14:26 ib_logfile0 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jan 18 14:26 ib_logfile1 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Jan 18 14:26 ibdata1 drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan 18 14:26 mysql drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan 18 14:26 performance_schema root@d1197bf0e557:/# root@d1197bf0e557:/# root@d1197bf0e557:/# root@d1197bf0e557:/# root@d1197bf0e557:/# grep data /etc/mysql/ -R /etc/mysql/my.cnf.fallback:# The MySQL database server configuration file. /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf:datadir = /var/lib/mysql #生产环境中，我们应该将该目录挂载到宿主机对应的路径哟~ root@d1197bf0e557:/# root@d1197bf0e557:/#
二.连接MySQL镜像的服务器
1>.宿主机安装mysql的客户端
[root@docker201.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum -y install mysql Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 docker-ce-stable | 3.5 kB 00:00:00 extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 pouch-stable | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 5.9 MB 00:00:00 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.64-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: mariadb-libs(x86-64) = 1:5.5.64-1.el7 for package: 1:mariadb-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5 will be updated ---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.64-1.el7 will be an update --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================== Installing: mariadb x86_64 1:5.5.64-1.el7 base 8.7 M Updating for dependencies: mariadb-libs x86_64 1:5.5.64-1.el7 base 759 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package Upgrade ( 1 Dependent package) Total download size: 9.5 M Downloading packages: Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed. (1/2): mariadb-libs-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 759 kB 00:00:00 (2/2): mariadb-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 8.7 MB 00:00:01 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total 7.8 MB/s | 9.5 MB 00:00:01 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Updating : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64 1/3 /sbin/ldconfig: /lib64/libnvidia-container.so.1 is not a symbolic link Installing : 1:mariadb-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64 2/3 Cleanup : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64 3/3 /sbin/ldconfig: /lib64/libnvidia-container.so.1 is not a symbolic link Verifying : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64 1/3 Verifying : 1:mariadb-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64 2/3 Verifying : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64 3/3 Installed: mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.64-1.el7 Dependency Updated: mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.64-1.el7 Complete! [root@docker201.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
2>.连接MySQL Docker容器
[root@docker201.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# hostname -i 192.168.6.201 [root@docker201.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@docker201.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* LISTEN 0 20480 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 0 20480 :::80 :::* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* [root@docker201.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@docker201.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql -h 192.168.6.201 -uroot -pyinzhengjie Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.44 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. MySQL [(none)]> MySQL [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | +--------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) MySQL [(none)]>