Httpd服务进阶知识-基于Apache Modele的LAMP架构之PhpMyAdmin案例
作者：尹正杰
版权声明：原创作品，谢绝转载！否则将追究法律责任。
一.常见LAMP应用
PhpMyAdmin
是一个以PHP为基础，以Web-Base方式架构在网站主机上的MySQL的数据库管理工具，让管理者可用Web接口管理MySQL数据库
WordPress
是一种使用PHP语言开发的博客平台，用户可以在支持PHP和MySQL数据库的服务器上架设属于自己的网站。也可把 WordPress当作一个内容管理系统（CMS）来使用
WordPress后来成为了一个"生态系统"，它的作者也因此收入了数以千万美元的收入。WordPress本身也是开源的，围绕在WordPress背后形成了一个庞大的“生态圈”，有提供模板的，插件的，内容管理系统的（CMS）等等，我们可以去官网下载软件进行安装。
PHPWind:
phpwind是杭州的一家公司，2003年发布了PHPWind的前身版本ofstar，并发展成为包含BBS、CMS、博客、SNS等一系列程序的通用型建站软件, 于2008年加入阿里巴巴集团
Crossday Discuz! Board（简称 Discuz!）
discuz是phpwind竞争对手，是一套通用的社区论坛软件系统。自2001年6月面世以来，是全球成熟度最高、覆盖率最大的论坛软件系统之一。2010年8月23日，与腾讯达成收购协议
其实discuz!就有门户站点的功能，国外也有drupal和xooms等等。这些都是开源的，因为我们都可以在网上下载下来安装测试，但是如果你想用这些软件进行营利的话，你可能就得向官方购买授权啦~
Phpbb：
是全球比较流行，国人用的比较少，外国人用的倒是不少，不过phpbb现在已经被汉化了，对中文的支持也不错。phpwind和discuz都是国人开发的，没错，不知道为什么自己就是相当的自豪，尽管我不是PHP程序员。phpbb是外国人开发的，在全球的影响力还是相当不错的哟。
外国还有一个叫"hpwind"也还不错，感兴趣的小伙伴也可以下载部署一下，我这里就不罗嗦了。
ECShop
是一款B2C独立网店系统，适合企业及个人快速构建个性化网上商店。系统是基于PHP语言及MYSQL数据库构架开发的跨平台开源程序。2006年6月，ECShop推出第一个版本1.0
二.布署phpMyadmin
1>.查看phpMyadmin所以来的php及MySQL版本(https://www.phpmyadmin.net/downloads/)
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum info php Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.jdcloud.com * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com Installed Packages Name : php Arch : x86_64 Version : 5.4.16 Release : 46.1.el7_7 Size : 4.4 M Repo : installed From repo : updates Summary : PHP scripting language for creating dynamic web sites URL : http://www.php.net/ License : PHP and Zend and BSD Description : PHP is an HTML-embedded scripting language. PHP attempts to make it : easy for developers to write dynamically generated web pages. PHP also : offers built-in database integration for several commercial and : non-commercial database management systems, so writing a : database-enabled webpage with PHP is fairly simple. The most common : use of PHP coding is probably as a replacement for CGI scripts. : : The php package contains the module (often referred to as mod_php) : which adds support for the PHP language to Apache HTTP Server. [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
2>.咱们这里选择较久的版本安装phpadmin(https://www.phpmyadmin.net/files/),后面我会介绍使用编译安装最新版本
3>.安装phpMyAdmin所依赖的程序
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# rpm -q php php-mysql mariadb-server httpd #这4个软件包都需要安装一下，若没有安装的话，请使用yum命令安装一下即可。(若有对应软件包输出信息说明你已经安装该软件啦) php-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64 php-mysql-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64 mariadb-server-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64 httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum -y install php-mbstring Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.jdcloud.com * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package php-mbstring.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================================================================ Installing: php-mbstring x86_64 5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 updates 505 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================================================================ Install 1 Package Total download size: 505 k Installed size: 1.3 M Downloading packages: php-mbstring-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64.rpm | 505 kB 00:00:09 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : php-mbstring-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : php-mbstring-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64 1/1 Installed: php-mbstring.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 Complete! [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum -y install epel-release Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package epel-release.noarch 0:7-11 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================================================================= Installing: epel-release noarch 7-11 extras 15 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================================================================= Install 1 Package Total download size: 15 k Installed size: 24 k Downloading packages: epel-release-7-11.noarch.rpm | 15 kB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : epel-release-7-11.noarch 1/1 Verifying : epel-release-7-11.noarch 1/1 Installed: epel-release.noarch 0:7-11 Complete! [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum -y install php-mcrypt libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com * epel: mirrors.yun-idc.com * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package libmcrypt.x86_64 0:2.5.8-13.el7 will be installed ---> Package libmcrypt-devel.x86_64 0:2.5.8-13.el7 will be installed ---> Package php-mcrypt.x86_64 0:5.4.16-9.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================================================================= Installing: libmcrypt x86_64 2.5.8-13.el7 epel 99 k libmcrypt-devel x86_64 2.5.8-13.el7 epel 13 k php-mcrypt x86_64 5.4.16-9.el7 epel 20 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================================================================= Install 3 Packages Total download size: 132 k Installed size: 350 k Downloading packages: warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/packages/libmcrypt-2.5.8-13.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 352c64e5: NOKEY Public key for libmcrypt-2.5.8-13.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed (1/3): libmcrypt-2.5.8-13.el7.x86_64.rpm | 99 kB 00:00:00 (2/3): libmcrypt-devel-2.5.8-13.el7.x86_64.rpm | 13 kB 00:00:00 (3/3): php-mcrypt-5.4.16-9.el7.x86_64.rpm | 20 kB 00:00:00 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 214 kB/s | 132 kB 00:00:00 Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 Importing GPG key 0x352C64E5: Userid : "Fedora EPEL (7) <epel@fedoraproject.org>" Fingerprint: 91e9 7d7c 4a5e 96f1 7f3e 888f 6a2f aea2 352c 64e5 Package : epel-release-7-11.noarch (@extras) From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : libmcrypt-2.5.8-13.el7.x86_64 1/3 Installing : libmcrypt-devel-2.5.8-13.el7.x86_64 2/3 Installing : php-mcrypt-5.4.16-9.el7.x86_64 3/3 Verifying : libmcrypt-devel-2.5.8-13.el7.x86_64 1/3 Verifying : libmcrypt-2.5.8-13.el7.x86_64 2/3 Verifying : php-mcrypt-5.4.16-9.el7.x86_64 3/3 Installed: libmcrypt.x86_64 0:2.5.8-13.el7 libmcrypt-devel.x86_64 0:2.5.8-13.el7 php-mcrypt.x86_64 0:5.4.16-9.el7 Complete! [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
4>.解压下载的phpMyAdmin程序
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 4224 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4323896 Oct 24 08:51 phpMyAdmin-4.0.10.20-all-languages.tar.xz [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# tar xf phpMyAdmin-4.0.10.20-all-languages.tar.xz [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mv phpMyAdmin-4.0.10.20-all-languages /var/www/htmlphp/MyAdmin [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /var/www/html/ total 4 drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 Mar 29 2017 phpMyAdmin [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
5>.生成config.inc.php配置文件
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cd /var/www/html/phpMyAdmin/ [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /var/www/html/phpMyAdmin]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /var/www/html/phpMyAdmin]# ll config.sample.inc.php -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3810 Mar 29 2017 config.sample.inc.php [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /var/www/html/phpMyAdmin]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /var/www/html/phpMyAdmin]# cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /var/www/html/phpMyAdmin]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /var/www/html/phpMyAdmin]# vim config.inc.php #如下图所示，修改途中所示的行。
6>.访问phpadmin的程序的首页
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl start httpd mariadb #启动httpd服务和mariadb服务后，就可以访问phpMyAdmin的首页啦 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl #Mariadb默认端口是3306，httpd默认端口是80 State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 50 *:3306 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql_secure_installation NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY! In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank, so you should just press enter here. Enter current password for root (enter for none): OK, successfully used password, moving on... Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation. Set root password? [Y/n] y New password: Re-enter new password: Password updated successfully! Reloading privilege tables.. ... Success! By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y ... Success! Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y ... Success! By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y - Dropping test database... ... Success! - Removing privileges on test database... ... Success! Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y ... Success! Cleaning up... All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB installation should now be secure. Thanks for using MariaDB! [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql -uroot -pyinzhengjie Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MariaDB connection id is 10 Server version: 5.5.64-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES ; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | +--------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> QUIT Bye [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
7>.如下图所示，php的WebUI登录成功
三.使用PhpMyAdmin的WebUI创建数据库
1>.如下图所示,点击"数据库"
2>.如下图所示，输入数据库的名称并点击"创建"
3>.数据库创建成功
四.使用PhpMyAdmin的WebUI创建用户
1>.如下图所示，点击"用户"
2>.点击"添加用户"
3>.如下图所示，输入要创建的用户名和密码
4>.确认输入完成mysql用户后，点击"执行"
5>.如下图所示，创建用户成功，根据提示点击下面的"重新载入权限"
6>.查看创建用户的权限，如下图所示，创建的权限默认只有连接数据库权限
五.使用PhpMyAdmin的WebUI为创建的用户授权
1>.如下图所示，为我们创建的wordpress用户授权，点击"编辑权限"
2>.选择数据库"wordpress"
3>.如下图所示，将整个数据库权限都授权给wordpress@'172.30.1.10%'用户并点击"执行"
4>.授权成功
5>.如下图所示，咱们也可以通过phpMyAdmin的WebUI查看授权信息
6>.测试创建的用户是否可以正常连接数据库
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql -u wordpress -h 172.30.1.101 -pyinzhengjie Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MariaDB connection id is 51 Server version: 5.5.64-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | wordpress | +--------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> QUIT Bye [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#