Httpd服务入门知识-Httpd服务常见配置案例之定义站点主页面及错误页面配置
作者：尹正杰
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一.定义站点主页面
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep DirectoryIndex DirectoryIndex index.html [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /data/www/html/ total 8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15 Dec 7 20:07 index.html -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31 Dec 7 20:22 info.html [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /data/www/html/index.html /data/www/html [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /data/www/html/info.html <h1>尹正杰到此一游</h1> [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep DirectoryIndex DirectoryIndex info.html [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# httpd -t Syntax OK [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
二.错误页面配置
1>.删除站点主页文件
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep DocumentRoot DocumentRoot "/data/www/html" [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep DirectoryIndex DirectoryIndex info.html [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# rm -f /data/www/html/info.html [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /data/www/html/ total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15 Dec 7 20:07 index.html [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
2>.查看"/etc/httd/conf.d"目录下的"welcome.conf"配置文件
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep ServerRoot ServerRoot "/etc/httpd" [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep IncludeOptional IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /etc/httpd/conf.d/ #从主配置文件中可以看到启动httpd服务时会加载该目录下的文件哟~ total 20 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2926 Aug 8 19:41 autoindex.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 66 Dec 7 20:15 document_root.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 366 Aug 8 19:42 README -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1252 Aug 6 21:44 userdir.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 824 Aug 6 21:44 welcome.conf [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf # # This configuration file enables the default "Welcome" page if there # is no default index page present for the root URL. To disable the # Welcome page, comment out all the lines below. # # NOTE: if this file is removed, it will be restored on upgrades. # <LocationMatch "^/+$"> Options -Indexes ErrorDocument 403 /.noindex.html #不难发现，如果有403的错误，就会使用"/.noindex.html"的别名文件来替换错误网页 </LocationMatch> <Directory /usr/share/httpd/noindex> AllowOverride None Require all granted </Directory> Alias /.noindex.html /usr/share/httpd/noindex/index.html #我们看到"/.noindex.html"的别名真正存放路径为"/usr/share/httpd/noindex/index.html" Alias /noindex/css/bootstrap.min.css /usr/share/httpd/noindex/css/bootstrap.min.css Alias /noindex/css/open-sans.css /usr/share/httpd/noindex/css/open-sans.css Alias /images/apache_pb.gif /usr/share/httpd/noindex/images/apache_pb.gif Alias /images/poweredby.png /usr/share/httpd/noindex/images/poweredby.png [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
3>.经过上一步骤的分析，我们将"/etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf"配置文件改成不以".conf"结尾的文件名
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep ServerRoot ServerRoot "/etc/httpd" [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep IncludeOptional IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /etc/httpd/conf.d/ total 20 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2926 Aug 8 19:41 autoindex.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 66 Dec 7 20:15 document_root.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 366 Aug 8 19:42 README -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1252 Aug 6 21:44 userdir.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 824 Aug 6 21:44 welcome.conf [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mv /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf-`date +%F` #我们暂时修改文件名的后缀 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /etc/httpd/conf.d/ total 20 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2926 Aug 8 19:41 autoindex.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 66 Dec 7 20:15 document_root.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 366 Aug 8 19:42 README -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1252 Aug 6 21:44 userdir.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 824 Aug 6 21:44 welcome.conf-2019-12-07 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
4>.重启httpd服务，观察页面出现了如下图所示的界面
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl restart httpd [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl status httpd ● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Sat 2019-12-07 20:50:39 CST; 11s ago Docs: man:httpd(8) man:apachectl(8) Process: 7415 ExecStop=/bin/kill -WINCH ${MAINPID} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 5886 ExecReload=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -k graceful (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 7420 (httpd) Status: "Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic: 0 B/sec" CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service ├─7420 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND ├─7421 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND ├─7422 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND ├─7423 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND └─7424 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND Dec 07 20:50:39 node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server... Dec 07 20:50:39 node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server. [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
5>.总结
根据上面的操作，如果出现错误的403网页，咱们也可以自定义自己的错误页面哟~