• 多线程与高并发


    创建线程

    new MyThread().start();
    new Thread(new MyRun()).start();
    new Thread(()->{
    System.out.println("Hello Lambda!");
    }).start();

    常见方法

    • sleep
    • yield 让出线程,从running到ready状态
    • join 线程A中调用B.join(),表示A让B先执行

    线程状态

    总共6大块,分别是:new,runnable,timedwaiting,waiting,blocked,terminated

    synchronize

    原理:对象头(mark word)上有两位(00,01),表示不同类型的锁
    同一个对象中的两个非静态synchronize方法,不能同时执行,由此可见,非静态的synchronize方法锁住的对象是当前对象,也就是和synchronize(this)等效
    synchronize是可重入锁:两个synchronize方法A和B,A可以调用B,B也可以调用A
    锁定的区域发生异常,默认情况下锁会被释放,写业务代码时要小心
    synchronize的底层实现:
    JDK早期,重量级锁
    后来有锁升级的概念,第一次只在对象头记录线程的id,叫偏向锁;如果线程争用,升级为自旋锁;自旋10次之后,升级为重量级锁,也就是系统锁;
    锁无法降级;
    自旋锁是用户态,加锁和解锁快;重量级锁是内核态,效率低;
    什么情况用自旋锁,什么情况用系统锁?运行时间长、线程多用重量级锁;反之用自旋锁

    volatile

    • 线程可见性
    • 禁止指令重排
      单例模式双重检查锁需要加volatile,答案是需要,原因就是指令重排(对象创建步骤可能重排序,如3和2交换:1、创建对象并赋初始值 2、赋值 3、变量指向堆内存)

    其他并发控制类

    • ReentrantLock
      可以替换synchronize,功能比synchronize强大
      lock&unlock 不能自动解锁,所以unlock一定要在finally中
      trylock
    • CountDownLatch
      功能和join一样
      latch.countDown()
      latch.await()
    • CyclicBarrier
      满足一定数据量的线程后,一起启动
    • ReentrantReadWriteLock
      读锁=共享锁 readWriteLock.readLock();
      写锁=排它锁=互斥锁 readWriteLock.writeLock();
      读的时候,其他线程也可以读;写的时候,其他写线程都阻塞
    • Semaphore
      信号量,灯亮了可以执行,灭了不能执行
      Semaphore s = new Semaphore(2);可以限流,最多2个线程执行

    AQS

    ReentrantLock、CountDownLatch、CyclicBarrier都是AQS的实现,AQS的核心是含有一个volatile修饰的state,这个state由实现类维护,和一个包含Thread的双向链表(Node)

    面试题:两个线程交替打印A1B2C3D4(可重入锁特性)

    public class App {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            App app = new App();
            Thread t1 = new Thread(app::printABC);
            Thread t2 = new Thread(app::print123);
            t1.start();
            t2.start();
        }
    
        public synchronized void printABC() {
            String str = "ABCDEFG";
            for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
                System.out.println(str.charAt(i));
                this.notify();
                try {
                    this.wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            this.notify();
        }
    
        public synchronized void print123() {
            String str = "1234567";
            for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
                System.out.println(str.charAt(i));
                this.notify();
                try {
                    this.wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            this.notify();
        }
    }
    
    

    生产者消费者实现

    public class MyContainer2<T> {
        final private LinkedList<T> lists = new LinkedList<>();
        final private int MAX = 10; //最多10个元素
        private int count = 0;
    
        private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
        private Condition producer = lock.newCondition();
        private Condition consumer = lock.newCondition();
    
        public void put(T t) {
            try {
                lock.lock();
                while (lists.size() == MAX) { //想想为什么用while而不是用if?
                    producer.await();
                }
                lists.add(t);
                ++count;
                consumer.signalAll(); //通知消费者线程进行消费
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    
        public T get() {
            T t = null;
            try {
                lock.lock();
                while (lists.size() == 0) {
                    consumer.await();
                }
                t = lists.removeFirst();
                count--;
                producer.signalAll(); //通知生产者进行生产
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
            return t;
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            MyContainer2<String> c = new MyContainer2<>();
            //启动消费者线程
            for (int i = 0; i < 1; i++) {
                new Thread(() -> {
                    while (true) {
                        System.out.println(c.get() + " OUT:" + new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()) + " left:" + c.count);
                        try {
                            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }).start();
            }
    
            //生产者延迟2秒启动
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
            //启动生产者线程
            for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
                new Thread(() -> {
                    while (true) {
                        c.put(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " IN:" + new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));
                        try {
                            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }, "product" + i).start();
            }
        }
    }
    

    自定义线程池

    public class App3 {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            App3 app3 = new App3();
            app3.test();
        }
    
        public void test() {
            ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
                    3, 3, 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                    new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(10000),
                    new MyThreadFactory("MyThreadGroup"),
                    new MyRejectedExecutionHandler());
    
            for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
                pool.execute(new MyThread(i));
            }
            pool.shutdown();
        }
    
        class MyThread implements Runnable {
            int id;
    
            public MyThread(int id) {
                this.id = id;
            }
    
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " id=" + id);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(3000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
    
            @Override
            public String toString() {
                return "id=" + id;
            }
        }
    
        class MyThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
            String threadGroup;
            AtomicInteger nextId = new AtomicInteger(1);
    
            MyThreadFactory(String threadGroup) {
                this.threadGroup = threadGroup;
            }
    
            @Override
            public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
                String threadName = threadGroup + "-" + nextId.getAndIncrement();
                Thread thread = new Thread(r, threadName);
                return thread;
            }
        }
    
        class MyRejectedExecutionHandler implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
    
            @Override
            public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor) {
                System.out.println("任务被拒绝 " + r);
            }
        }
    }
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yinchh/p/12683297.html
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