Linux文件备份

1.tar -P是否保留根目录　　-t查看压缩文件内容　　-N 201401010备份日期以后

[root@localhost /]# tar -zcPf /tar/data2.tar.gz /etc/*.conf
[root@localhost /]# cd tar/
[root@localhost tar]# ll
总计 80
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 39051 09-08 23:42 data1.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 39046 09-08 23:43 data2.tar.gz

2.dump　　-0完全备份　　

3.restore恢复 　　-tf查看　　-rf恢复

[root@localhost dump]# dump -0 -f /dump/data1.dump /dev/sda1
  DUMP: Date of this level 0 dump: Tue Sep  9 00:05:13 2014
  DUMP: Dumping /dev/sda1 (/boot) to /dump/data1.dump
  DUMP: Label: /boot
  DUMP: Writing 10 Kilobyte records
  DUMP: mapping (Pass I) [regular files]
  DUMP: mapping (Pass II) [directories]
  DUMP: estimated 6512 blocks.
  DUMP: Volume 1 started with block 1 at: Tue Sep  9 00:05:14 2014
  DUMP: dumping (Pass III) [directories]
  DUMP: dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]
  DUMP: Closing /dump/data1.dump
  DUMP: Volume 1 completed at: Tue Sep  9 00:05:14 2014
  DUMP: Volume 1 6560 blocks (6.41MB)
  DUMP: 6560 blocks (6.41MB) on 1 volume(s)
  DUMP: finished in less than a second
  DUMP: Date of this level 0 dump: Tue Sep  9 00:05:13 2014
  DUMP: Date this dump completed:  Tue Sep  9 00:05:14 2014
  DUMP: Average transfer rate: 0 kB/s
  DUMP: DUMP IS DONE
[root@localhost dump]#

[root@localhost boot]# restore -tf /dump/data1.dump
Dump   date: Tue Sep  9 00:05:13 2014
Dumped from: the epoch
Level 0 dump of /boot on localhost.localdomain:/dev/sda1
Label: /boot
         2      .
        11      ./lost+found
     16065      ./grub
     16067      ./grub/grub.conf
     16066      ./grub/splash.xpm.gz
     16068      ./grub/menu.lst
     16069      ./grub/device.map
     16070      ./grub/stage1
     16071      ./grub/stage2
     16072      ./grub/e2fs_stage1_5
     16073      ./grub/fat_stage1_5
     16074      ./grub/ffs_stage1_5
     16075      ./grub/iso9660_stage1_5
     16076      ./grub/jfs_stage1_5
     16077      ./grub/minix_stage1_5
     16078      ./grub/reiserfs_stage1_5
     16079      ./grub/ufs2_stage1_5
     16080      ./grub/vstafs_stage1_5
     16081      ./grub/xfs_stage1_5
        17      ./initrd-2.6.18-348.el5.img
        12      ./.vmlinuz-2.6.18-348.el5.hmac
        13      ./System.map-2.6.18-348.el5
        14      ./config-2.6.18-348.el5
        15      ./symvers-2.6.18-348.el5.gz
        16      ./vmlinuz-2.6.18-348.el5

[root@localhost boot]# restore -rf /dump/data1.dump

4.cp命令制作iso文件

[root@localhost boot]# cp /dev/cdrom /dump/linux.iso

[root@localhost boot]#
[root@localhost boot]# mount -o loop /dump/linux.iso /mnt

5.dd命令 -if=输入设备　　-of=输出设备

[root@localhost boot]# dd if=/dev/cdrom of=/dump/linux1.iso

[root@localhost boot]# dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb #常见的硬盘对拷