web自动化测试(5)--鼠标、键盘操作

一、鼠标操作

常见的鼠标操作有：

(1)click()：单击

(2)double_click()：双击

(3)context_click()：右击

(4)click_and_hold()：按下鼠标左键不松开

(5)release()：鼠标左键抬起操作

(6)move_to_element()：鼠标悬浮在元素上

(7)drag_and_drop()：拖动

(8)perform()：提交鼠标操作的内容

在执行鼠标操作前，需要导入提供鼠标操作的ActionChains类：from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains

主要操作流程为：

1、存储鼠标操作；

2、使用perform()执行鼠标操作。

【实例】百度首页的设置操作

方式一：使用ActionChains类

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("http://www.baidu.com")

wait = WebDriverWait(driver,20)

setting_loc = (By.ID,'s-usersetting-top')
wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(setting_loc))
ele = driver.find_element(*setting_loc)

# 启动鼠标操作
ac = ActionChains(driver)
ac.move_to_element(ele)  # 鼠标移动到设置元素上
# 执行鼠标操作
ac.perform()

search_loc = (By.XPATH,'//a[text()="高级搜索"]')
wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(search_loc))
driver.find_element(*search_loc).click()   # 点击高级搜索按钮

方式二：不使用ActionChains类

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("http://www.baidu.com")

wait = WebDriverWait(driver,20)

setting_loc = (By.ID,'s-usersetting-top')
wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(setting_loc))
driver.find_element(*setting_loc).click()

search_loc = (By.XPATH,'//a[text()="高级搜索"]')
wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(search_loc))
driver.find_element(*search_loc).click()   # 点击高级搜索按钮

二、键盘操作

在自动化测试中，我们不可避免的会使用到回车、crtl+c复制等操作，这些都离不开键盘，接下来我们将介绍键盘的操作。

在执行键盘操作前，需要导入提供键盘操作的Keys类：from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

常见的键盘操作有：

(1)ENTER

(2)TAB

(3)CLEAR

(4)CANCEL

......

【实例】百度首页输入”selenium“，按回车进行搜索

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("http://www.baidu.com")

wait = WebDriverWait(driver,20)

input_loc = (By.ID,"kw")
wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(input_loc))
driver.find_element(*input_loc).send_keys("selenium",Keys.ENTER)

补充说明：

如何使用ctri+c键？

send_keys(Keys.CONTROL,"c")