A hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically "proved" by economists that the laws of society make it necessary to have a vast army of poor and jobless people in order to keep the economy going. today, hardly anybody would dare to voice the principle. It is generally accepted that nobody should be excluded from the wealth of the nation, either by the laws of nature or by those of society. The opinions are outdated, which were current a hundred years ago, that the poor owed their conditions to their ignorance, lack of responsibility. In all western industrialized countries, a system of insurance has been introduced which guarantees everyone a minimum of subsistence in case of unemployment, sickness and old age. I would go one step further and argue that, even if these conditions are not present, in other words, one can claim this substance minimum without having to have any "reason". I would suggest, however, that it should be limited to a definite period of time, let’s say two years, so as to avoid the encouragement of an abnormal attitude which refuses any kind of social obligation.
This may sound like a fantastic proposal,
but so, I think, our insurance system would have sounded to people a
hundred years ago. The main objection to such a scheme would be that if
each person were entitled to receive minimum support, people would not
work. This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness. In
human nature, actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would
be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who
would prefer to do nothing rather than work.
However,
the suspicions against a system of guaranteed subsistence minimum are
not groundless from the standpoint of those who want to use ownership
capital for the purpose of forcing others to accept the work conditions
they offer. If nobody were forced to accept work in order not to starve,
work would be sufficiently interesting and attractive in order to
induce one to accept it. Freedom of contract is possible only if both
parties are free to accept and reject if; in the present capitalist
system this is not the case.
But such a system would
not only be the beginning of real freedom of contract between employers
and employees, its principal advantage would be the improvement of
freedom in interpersonal relationships in every sphere of daily life.
然而，有些人想利用资本所有权来迫使其他人接受他们提的工作条件。从这些人的立场看来，对最低生活保障制度持怀疑态度不是没有道理的。