• Python:数据库操作模块SQLAlchemy


    SQLAlchemy的ORM是一个映射函数(Mapper),将Python中定义的与数据库中的建立关联,以及类的实例(instance)和表的行(row)建立关联 
    查看一个类所对应的数据库表,使用__tablename__属性,例如 User.__tablename__
     
    1. 查询数据 (query)
     
    1.1 查询一个trace中flow个数(to count flows of specific trace)
    session.query(Flow).filter(Flow.trace_id == 1).count()
     

    1.2. 查询一个trace中不同srcIP的个数 (to count distinct srcIP)

    from sqlalchemy import distinct
    from config import *
    session = DBSession()
    session.query(Flow.srcIP).filter(Flow.trace_id == 1).distinct().count()
     
    1.3 查询一个trace中不同的dstIP和dstPort对的个数(to count distinct dstIP and dstPort)
    session.query(Flow.dstIP, Flow.dstPort).filter(Flow.trace_id == 1).distinct().count()
     
    1.4 查询指定列的数据,返回一个KeyedTuple数据类型的列表( get a tuple list of specified columns )
    n = session.query(Flow.dstIP, Flow.dstPort).filter(Flow.trace_id == 1).all()
    # The type of n is list.
    # The type of n[0] is sqlalchemy.util._collections.KeyedTuple
     
    1.5 查询指定列中的所有不同值( get a distinct tuple list of specified columns)
    n = session.query(Flow.dstIP, Flow.dstPort).filter(Flow.trace_id == 1).distinct().all()
     
    1.6 获得一列数据的平均值(get average value of a column)
    # sql language: select avg(txPkt) from Flow
    from sqlalchemy.sql import func
    q = session.query(func.avg(Flow.txPkt)).filter(Flow.trace_id == 1)
    print q[0][0]
    # The type of q is sqlalchemy.orm.query.Query
    # The type of q[0] is sqlalchemy.util._collections.KeyedTuple
    # The type of q[0][0] is decimal.Decimal
     
    1.7 多列数据平均值的计算(compute average values of columns)
    q = session.query((func.avg(Flow.txPkt)+func.avg(Flow.rxPkt))/2).filter(Flow.trace_id == 1)
     
    1.8 对查询到的数据排序(order by )
    from sqlalchemy import desc
    q = session.query(Flow.timestamp).filter(trace_id == 1).order_by(desc(Flow.timestamp))
     
    1.9 分组查询
    q = session.query(Flow.dstIP, Flow.dstPort, func.count(Flow.id)).filter(Flow.trace_id == tid).group_by(Flow.dstIP, Flow.dstPort).all()
     
    2 查询中,常用的过滤操作
    等于(equals), 例如 query.filter(name  == 'Jack')
    不等于(not equals), 例如 query.filter(name != 'Jack')
    在列表中(in), 例如 query.filter(name.in_(['Micheal', 'Bob', 'Jack']))
    不在列表中(not in), 例如query.filter(~name.in_(['Micheal', 'Bob', 'Jack']))
    空值(null), 例如 query.filter(name == None)
    不是空值(not null), 例如 query.filter(name != None)
    与(and), 例如 query.filter(and_(name == 'Andy', fullname == 'Andy Liu' ))
    and_可以省略, 例如 query.filter(name=='Andy', fullname==‘Andy Liu')
    或(or), 例如 query.filter(or_(name == 'Andy', name == 'Micheal'))
     
     
    2. 表的数据操作(table data operation)
    2.1 添加删除一个column ( add a new column to a table)
    from db import engine
    from sqlalchemy import DDL
    add_column = DDL('alter table Flow add column cluster_id integer after trace_id')
    drop_column = DDL('alter table Flow drop column microsecond')
    engine.execute(add_column)
    engine.execute(drop_column)
     
    2.2 修改一个数据(update  a value)
    session.query(Flow).filter(Flow.dstIP == dstIP, Flow.dstPort == dstPort, Flow.trace_id == 1).update({'cluster_id' : 0})
     
    2.3 插入一行数据(insert a row)
        session = DBSession()
        cluster = Clusters(trace_id = tid, cluster_id = cid,
                           dstIP = dIP, dstPort = dPort,
                           avgPkt = aPkt, avgByte = aByte,
                           size = count)
        session.add(cluster)
        session.commit() # commit or flush
        session.close()
     
    2.4  删除一行数据(delete a row )
        session = DBSession()
        session.query(Clusters).filter(Clusters.trace_id = 2).delete()
        session.commit() # commit or flush
        session.close()
     
    补充:
    外键 ForeignKey只能引用外表的指定列中已经存在的值。
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yezefei/p/7642445.html
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