集合
Maps
HashMap
Map<KeyType, ValueType> myMap = new HashMap<KeyType, ValueType>();
myMap.put("key1", 1);
myMap.get("key1");
map.replace("key1",2);
map.remove("key1",2);
myMap.containsKey(varKey);
myMap.containsValue(varValue);
map.replaceAll((key,value)->value+1); // 遍历
map.putIfAbsent("kelly", 50); // 不重复才添加
map.computeIfAbsent("d", k -> map.get("a")); // 键没重复,添加
map.computeIfPresent("d", k -> map.get("a")); // 键出现,修改键值
map.compute("peter", (k,v)->v+50);
map.containsKey("one");
map.clear();
// 如果"kelly"不存在则,直接添加键值对 kelly:50
// 如果"kelly"存在,并且action计算的值不为null,则使用50替换原来kelly的值
// 如果"kelly"存在,并且action计算的值为null,则直接删除"kelly"
map.merge("kelly", 50 , (k,v)->map.get("john")+10);
创建和初始化map
第一种
Map map = new HashMap();
第二种
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
第三种
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>(){{
put("name", "A");
put("address", "Malviya-Nagar");
put("city", "Jaipur");
}};
第四种
Map<String, Object> map = new TreeMap<String, Object>();
第五种
Map<String, String> map = Arrays.stream(new String[][] {
{ "name", "A" },
{ "address", "Malviya-Nagar" },
{ "city", "jaipur" },
}).collect(Collectors.toMap(m -> m[0], m -> m[1]));
第六种
Map<String, String> singletonMap = Collections.singletonMap("key", "value");
遍历方式
Maps 存放键值对,不能包含重复的键
Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("a", 1);
map.put("b", 2);
map.put("c", 3);
第一种
Iterator<Map.Entry<String, Integer>> it = map.entrySet().iterator();
StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(", ", "[", "]");
while (it.hasNext()) {
Map.Entry<String, Integer> pair = it.next();
sj.add("{" + pair.getKey() + ": "+ pair.getValue() + "}");
} // [{a: 1}, {b: 2}, {c: 3}]
第二种
StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(", ", "[", "]");
for (Map.Entry<String, Integer> pair : map.entrySet()) {
sj.add("{" + pair.getKey() + ": "+ pair.getValue() + "}");
}
第三种
StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(", ", "[", "]");
map.forEach((k, v) -> sj.add("{" + k + ": "+ v + "}"));
第四种
StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(", ", "[", "]");
for (String key : map.keySet()) {
sj.add("{" + key + ": "+ map.get(key) + "}");
}
第五种
Iterator<String> it = map.keySet().iterator();
StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(", ", "[", "]");
while (it.hasNext()) {
String key = it.next();
sj.add("{" + key + ": "+ map.get(key) + "}");
}
第六种
StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(", ", "[", "]");
for (Iterator<Map.Entry<String, Integer>> entries = map.entrySet().iterator(); entries.hasNext(); ) {
Map.Entry<String, Integer> entry = entries.next();
sj.add("{" + entry.getKey() + ": "+ entry.getValue() + "}");
}
第七种
StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(", ", "[", "]");
map.entrySet().stream().forEach(e -> sj.add("{" + e.getKey() + ": "+ e.getValue() + "}"));
第八种
StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(", ", "[", "]");
map.entrySet().stream().parallel().forEach(e -> sj.add("{" + e.getKey() + ": "+ e.getValue() + "}"));
性能排序 3 > 6 > 1 > 2 > 7 > 4 > 5 > 8
LinkedHashMap
保留插入顺序,不允许重复键
LinkedHashMap<String, String> lhm = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
WeakHashMap
Map weakHashMap = new WeakHashMap(); // gc会自动删除弱引用键值对
TreeMap
TreeMap tm = new TreeMap(); // 自动根据键升序排序
线程锁
TreeMap和TreeSet都是线程不安全的,所以开发多线程程序需要上锁
方式一
SortedSet<Integer> set = Collections.synchronizedSortedSet(new TreeSet<Integer>());
SortedMap<Integer,String> map = Collections.synchronizedSortedMap(new TreeMap<Integer,String>());
方式二
synchronized (set) {
set.add(4);
}
方式三
TreeSet<Integer> set = new TreeSet<>();
ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
lock.writeLock().lock();
set.add(4);
lock.writeLock().unlock();
Hashtable
存储唯一值,并且线程安全
Hashtable<Integer, String> map = new Hashtable<Integer, String>();
map.put(1,"ONE");
结语
本文章是java成神的系列文章之一
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