Configuring Dojo with dojoConfig

转载自Dojo官网

Configuring Dojo with dojoConfig

The dojoConfig object (formerly djConfig) allows you to set options and default behavior for various aspects of the toolkit. In this tutorial we'll explore what's possible and how you can put dojoConfig to use in your code.

• Difficulty: Beginner
• Dojo Version: 1.10

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Introduction

The dojoConfig object (known as djConfig prior to Dojo 1.6) is the primary mechanism for configuring Dojo in a web page or application. It is referenced by the module loader, as well as Dojo components with global options. It can further be used as a configuration point for custom applications, if desired.

The old object name of djConfig is deprecated, but any existing code using it will continue to work up until 2.0. At the time of writing, most documentation still uses djConfig; the two names are directly equivalent, but we'll adopt and encourage use of the new dojoConfig name from here on.

Getting Started

Let's run through some quick examples to see how dojoConfig works in practice. First, a programmatic example of setting dojoConfig directly:

<!-- set Dojo configuration, load Dojo --><script>
    dojoConfig= {
        has: {
            "dojo-firebug": true
        },
        parseOnLoad: false,
        foo: "bar",
        async: true
    };
</script>
<script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/dojo/1.10.1/dojo/dojo.js"></script>
 <script>
// Require the registry, parser, Dialog, and wait for domReady
require(["dijit/registry", "dojo/parser", "dojo/json", "dojo/_base/config", "dijit/Dialog", "dojo/domReady!"], function(registry, parser, JSON, config) {    
// Explicitly parse the page
    parser.parse();
    // Find the dialog
    var dialog = registry.byId("dialog");
    // Set the content equal to what dojo.config is
    dialog.set("content", "<pre>" + JSON.stringify(config, null, "	") + "</pre>");
    // Show the dialog    dialog.show();});
</script>
<!-- and later in the page -->
<div id="dialog" data-dojo-type="dijit/Dialog" data-dojo-props="title: 'dojoConfig / dojo/_base/config'">
</div>

View Demo

Notice that dojoConfig is defined in a script block before dojo.js is loaded. This is of paramount
importance—if reversed, the configuration properties will be ignored.

In this example, we have set three flags: parseOnLoad: false, has (dojo-firebug sub-property), and async: true. Additionally, a custom property has been specified: foo: "bar". For this demo, a dijit/Dialog has been placed in the page. Code that runs from within the require callback converts the value of dojo.config to JSON and places it into the dialog for review. Among the results are our properties: parseOnLoad, has, and foo. But there are also a few others, which are related to the fact that the demo page uses the cross-domain, Google-CDN-hosted version of Dojo 1.10.

It is important to note the distinction between dojoConfig and dojo/_base/config. dojoConfig is purely for input purposes—this is how we communicate configuration parameters to the loader and modules. During the bootstrap process, dojo/_base/config is populated from these parameters for later lookup by module code.

Here's the same example written declaratively:

<script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/dojo/1.10.1/dojo/dojo.js"
        data-dojo-config="has:{'dojo-firebug': true}, parseOnLoad: false, foo: 'bar', async: 1">
</script>
View Demo

In this case, we use the same data-dojo-config attribute on the Dojo script element that you've seen in other tutorials and examples. This is entirely functionally equivalent to the previous example. In both cases, the config options we provide are ultimately mixed into the dojo/_base/config object, where they can be retrieved immediately after the bootstrapping process that takes place as dojo.js loads.

You can confirm this by setting some new values in dojoConfig, and checking the dojo.config object in the console. So, dojoConfig is a generic configuration property-bag for Dojo. Lets see what options there are and how we can use them.

has() Configuration

One of the major features added in Dojo 1.7+ was the use of the has() pattern for feature detection. We can specify features for the has() feature set in dojoConfig, by including an object hash of features as the value of the hasproperty. This feature set is now used for determining certain supported capabilities in Dojo. For example, we could disable the amd factory scan (scanning the module for CommonJS require(module) statements to load as deps) with:

<script>
    dojoConfig = {
        has: {
            "dojo-amd-factory-scan": false
        }
    };
</script>

Debug/Firebug Lite Configuration

You may be familiar by now with the isDebug config flag from other tutorials or usage of Dojo in versions prior to Dojo 1.7, to explicitly enable debug information. In Dojo 1.7+, this is now also specified with a has() feature at a higher level of granularity. To enable debugging assistance with Firebug Lite for older versions of Internet Explorer, we can set the dojo-firebug feature (isDebug can still be used to load this, but using the feature will load earlier in the loading cycle in async mode). If you have Firebug or another console available and open, it does nothing. But if you don't have a console, it will load Dojo's version of Firebug Lite, and create the console UI at the bottom of the page. This can be handy when debugging in earlier versions of IE or other browsers without nice developer tools.

To enable debugging messages for deprecated and experimental features, we can set dojo-debug-messages to true (this defaults to false, unless you have set isDebug). if this feature is set to false, these warnings will be suppressed. For example, to enable a developer console (browser provided or use Firebug Lite) and log debugging messages:

<script>
	dojoConfig = {
		has: {
			"dojo-firebug": true,
			"dojo-debug-messages": true
		}
	};
</script>

To disable a guaranteed console object, we can set dojo-guarantee-console feature to false. This feature defaults to true and will create a dummy

console object if necessary so that any console.* logging statements in your code safely and quietly execute without throwing exceptions.

The following additional options are available to further configure this in-page console:

• debugContainerId: specify a particular element to contain the console UI
• popup: use a popup window rather than rendering the console into the current window

Loader Configuration

Dojo received a new loader in Dojo 1.7 to accommodate for the toolkit's new AMD module format. This new loader added a few new configuration options that are crucial to defining packages, maps, and more. For details on the loader, see the Advanced AMD Usage tutorial. Important loader configuration parameters include:

• baseUrl: The base URL prepended to a module identifier when converting it to a path or URL.

  baseUrl: "/js"
  

• packages: An array of objects which provide the package name and location:

  packages: [{
  		name: "myapp",
  		location: "/js/myapp"
  }]
  

• map: Allows you to map paths in module identifiers to different paths:

  	
  map: {
  	dijit16: {
  	  dojo: "dojo16"
  	}
  }
  

• paths: a map of module id fragments to file paths:

  		
  var dojoConfig = {
  			packages: [
  				"package1",
  				"package2"
  			],
  			paths: {
  				package1: "../lib/package1",
  				package2: "/js/package2"
  			}
  		};
   
  		// ...is equivalent to:
  		var dojoConfig = {
  			packages: [
  				{ name: "package1", location: "../lib/package1" },
  				{ name: "package2", location: "/js/package2" }
  			]
  		};
  

• async: Defines if Dojo core should be loaded asynchronously. Values can be true, false or legacyAsync, which puts the loader permanently in legacy cross-domain mode.

  async: true
  

• parseOnLoad: If true, parses the page with dojo/parser when the DOM and all initial dependencies (including those in the dojoConfig.deps array) have loaded.

  parseOnLoad: true
  

  It is recommended that parseOnLoad be left at false (it defaults to false, so you can simply omit this property), and that developers explicitly require dojo/parser and call parser.parse().

• deps: An array of resource paths which should load immediately once Dojo has loaded:

  deps: ["dojo/parser"]
  

• callback: The callback to execute once deps have been retrieved:

  callback: function(parser) {
  	// Use the resources provided here
  }
  

• waitSeconds: Amount of time to wait before signaling load timeout for a module; defaults to 0 (wait forever):

  waitSeconds: 5
  

• cacheBust: If true, appends the time as a querystring to each module URL to avoid module caching:

  cacheBust: true
  

Now let's create a simple demo that puts the basic parameters to use. One very common scenario is using Dojo Toolkit from CDN with local modules. Let's say we use Google CDN with modules in the/documentation/tutorials/1.10/dojo_config/demo space:

<!-- Configure Dojo first -->
<script>
	dojoConfig = {
		has: {
			"dojo-firebug": true,
			"dojo-debug-messages": true
		},
		// Don't attempt to parse the page for widgets
		parseOnLoad: false,
		packages: [
			// Any references to a "demo" resource should load modules locally, *not* from CDN
			{
				name: "demo",
				location: "/documentation/tutorials/1.10/dojo_config/demo"
			}
		],
		// Timeout after 10 seconds
		waitSeconds: 10,
		map: {
			// Instead of having to type "dojo/domReady!", we just want "ready!" instead
			"*": {
				ready: "dojo/domReady"
			}
		},
		// Get "fresh" resources
		cacheBust: true
	};
</script>
 
<!-- Load Dojo, Dijit, and DojoX resources from Google CDN -->
<script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/dojo/1.10.1/dojo/dojo.js"></script>
 
<!-- Load a "demo" module -->
 
<script>
	require(["demo/AuthoredDialog", "dojo/parser", "ready!"], function(AuthoredDialog, parser) {
		// Parse the page
		parser.parse();
 
		// Do something with demo/AuthoredDialog...
	});
</script>
By using the packages configuration, we've made all references to demo/* point to our local /documentation/tutorials/1.10/dojo_config/demo/ directory, while allowing any references to dojo, dijit, and dojox to come from Google CDN.  Had the demo package not been defined, the request for demo/AuthoredDialog would have gone to //ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/dojo/1.10.1/dojo/demo/AuthoredDialog.js.  We also used alias, by associating ready with dojo/domReady.

View Demo

Extensive documentation about the new loader provides even more details.

The new loader also supports the legacy dojo.require() resource loading and configuration properties likemodulePaths covered in this same tutorial for Dojo 1.6, thus allowing developers to safely upgrade existing applications easily and without worry.

Locale and Internationalization

Dojo's i18n system is documented in its own right, and worthy of its own tutorial, but we'll touch on it here just to show dojoConfig at work again.

You can configure the locale to use for any widgets or localized content using Dojo's i18n infrastructure fromdojoConfig. The locale option lets you override the default provided to Dojo by your browser. A simple demo shows it at work:

<script>
	var dojoConfig = {
		has: {
			"dojo-firebug": true,
			"dojo-debug-messages": true
		},
		parseOnLoad: true,
		// look for a locale=xx query string param, else default to 'en-us'
		locale: location.search.match(/locale=([w-]+)/) ? RegExp.$1 : "en-us"
	};
</script>
<script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/dojo/1.10.1/dojo/dojo.js"></script>
<script>
	require(["dojo/date/locale", "dijit/Dialog", "dojo/json", "dojo/_base/config",
	"dojo/_base/window", "dojo/i18n", "dojo/domReady!"]
	, function(locale, Dialog, JSON, config, win) {
		var now = new Date();
		var dialog = new Dialog({
			id: "dialog",
			// set a title on the dialog of today's date,
			// using a localized date format
			title: "Today: " + locale.format(now, {
					formatLength:"full",
					selector:"date"
			})
		}).placeAt(win.body());
		dialog.startup();
 
		dialog.set("content", "<pre>" + JSON.stringify(config, null, "	") + "</pre>");
		dialog.show();
	});
</script>
Demo with dojo.config.locale ='zh' (Chinese)

In the demo, where we define the locale property of the dojoConfig object, we look for a locale=xx parameter from the query string. That's a demo artifact; typically you might hard-code the locale. Setting the locale ahead of any module loading ensures that the correct localized message bundle dependencies are loaded where necessary. In this case, we use the dojo/date/locale module to format a date object to a localized string for the Dialog title.

For multi-lingual pages, you will need to load bundles for the other locales as well as the one specified by your browser or the dojoConfig.locale property. In this case, use the extraLocale config property, with an array of string locale names.

When using the dojo/parser, the lang= setting on an ancestor DOMNode overrides the dojoConfig.localesetting. This behavior will change in Dojo 2.0. You can also specify the lang for individual widgets, overriding thedojoConfig.locale setting for only that widget.

Custom Properties

Because dojo.config is always known to exist, and is the logical place to provide for page-scoped configuration, several other modules in Dojo use it for their own particular configuration properties. We see this in Dijit, and especially in DojoX, where module flags and behavior can be set:

Dijit Editor

allowXdRichTextSave

dojox GFX

dojoxGfxSvgProxyFrameUrl, forceGfxRenderer, gfxRenderer

dojox.html metrics

fontSizeWatch

dojox.io transports and plugins

xipClientUrl, dojoCallbackUrl

dojox.image

preloadImages

dojox.analytics plugins

sendInterval, inTransitRetry, analyticsUrl, sendMethod, maxRequestSize, idleTime, watchMouseOver, sampleDelay, targetProps, windowConnects, urchin

dojox.cometd

cometdRoot

dojox.form.FileUploader

uploaderPath

dojox.mobile

mblApplyPageStyles, mblHideAddressBar, mblAlwaysHideAddressBar, mobileAnim, mblLoadCompatCssFiles

What works for dojox modules also works for your own applications and modules. dojoConfig is an ideal place to provide configuration for behavior and page- or application-wide properties. Consider the following:

<script>
	dojoConfig = {
		has: {
			"dojo-firebug": true
		},
		app: {
			userName: "Anonymous"
		}
	};
</script>
<script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/dojo/1.10.1/dojo/dojo.js"></script>
<script>
	require(["dijit/Dialog", "dijit/registry", "dojo/parser", "dojo/_base/lang",
	"dojo/json", "dojo/_base/config", "dojo/io-query", "dojo/domReady!"]
	, function(Dialog, registry, parser, lang, JSON, config, ioQuery) {
 
		// pull configuration from the query string
		// and mix it into our app config
		var queryParams = ioQuery.queryToObject(location.search.substring(1));
		lang.mixin(config.app, queryParams);
 
		// Create a dialog
		var dialog = new Dialog({
			title: "Welcome back " + config.app.userName,
			content: "<pre>" + JSON.stringify(config, null, "	") + "</pre>"
		});
 
		// Draw on the app config to put up a personalized message
		dialog.show();
 
	});
</script>
View Application Config Demo

In this example, we've tacked on an "app" dojoConfig property, which we later reference via dojo.config to put up a personalized greeting in the Dialog. There are many ways to approach populating dojoConfig.app. It can be pre-populated with reasonable defaults and mixed-in with specific values later. In production, the dojoConfigscript block might get written out on the server-side. Alternatively, you could populate it from a cookie with JSON-formatted configuration values, or—as in our earlier example—you could extract configuration data straight from the query string. In development and test mode, you could use a template that provides dummy values, or load a script or module that populates it.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we've covered many common ways in which dojo.config can be populated—via dojoConfig ordata-dojo-config—and how its values influence behavior and supply properties to Dojo modules.

The well-defined position and role dojo.config has in the Dojo bootstrap and lifecycle means that the same concept applies neatly to Dojo modules and even your own modules and applications.

Colophon

• dojoConfig (djConfig) documentation
• Dojo AMD loader configuration reference
• i18n docs

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