11g新特性之IO校准(IO Calibration)

11g新特性之IO校准(IO Calibration)

2010/08/11 by admin 1 Comment

IO校准(IO Calibration)特性可以帮助我们了解存储系统的真实性能，以进一步判断I/O性能问题是由数据库还是存储系统自身引起的。I/O校准特性(IO Calibration)通过对Oracle数据文件的随机I/O访问存储介质，其结论值更符合数据库IO性能的真实情况。
在使用该特性前，我们要确保满足以下条件:

• 调用该存储过程需要用到SYSDBA权限

• TIME_STATISTICS 参数为true:

SQL> show parameter timed_statistics;

NAME TYPE VALUE
———————————— ———– ——————————
timed_statistics boolean TRUE

• 必须打开异步IO；注意在使用文件系统时，FILESYSTEMIO_OPTIONS需设为SETALL或ASYNC，否则Oracle不会启用异步IO。

• 可以通过以下查询检验是否启用了异步IO:

SQL> SELECT NAME, ASYNCH_IO
2    FROM V$DATAFILE F, V$IOSTAT_FILE I
3   WHERE F.FILE# = I.FILE_NO
4     AND FILETYPE_NAME = 'Data File';

NAME                                                                             ASYNCH_IO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------
D:TOOLSADMINSTRATORGORADATAPRODDATAFILEO1_MF_SYSTEM_65DN8HXT_.DBF       ASYNC_ON
D:TOOLSADMINSTRATORGORADATAPRODDATAFILEO1_MF_SYSAUX_65DN8J18_.DBF       ASYNC_ON
D:TOOLSADMINSTRATORGORADATAPRODDATAFILEO1_MF_UNDOTBS1_65DN8J1S_.DBF     ASYNC_ON
D:TOOLSADMINSTRATORGORADATAPRODDATAFILEO1_MF_USERS_65DN8J2X_.DBF        ASYNC_ON

IO Calibration特性可以通过DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CALIBRATE_IO存储过程调用；该过程会对Oracle数据文件引发一系列IO敏感的只读工作负载(由1MB大小的随机IO组成)，从而判断存储系统所能持续的最大IOPS(每秒最大IO请求数)和MBPS(每秒IO传输速率)。为了使结果更具代表性，应当保持IO Calibration测试过程中整个数据库是空闲的，没有其他IO负载损耗。

让我们具体来看一下CALIBRATE_IO存储过程的调用方法:

 -- Initiate an I/O calibration
 --
 -- Input arguments:
 --  num_physical_disks   - Approximate number of physical disks in
 --                         the database storage
 --  max_latency          - Maximum tolerable latency in milliseconds for
 --                         database-block-sized IO requests
 --
 -- Output arguments:
 --  max_iops       - Maximum number of I/O requests per second that can be
 --                   sustained.  The I/O requests are randomly-distributed,
 --                   database-block-sized reads.
 --  max_mbps       - Maximum throughput of I/O that can be sustained,
 --                   expressed in megabytes per second. The I/O requests
 --                   are randomly-distributed, 1 megabyte reads.
 --  actual_latency - Average latency of database-block-sized I/O
 --                   requests at "max_iops" rate, expressed in milliseconds.
 --
  PROCEDURE calibrate_io (
   num_physical_disks  IN  PLS_INTEGER DEFAULT 1,
   max_latency         IN  PLS_INTEGER DEFAULT 20,
   max_iops            OUT PLS_INTEGER,
   max_mbps            OUT PLS_INTEGER,
   actual_latency      OUT PLS_INTEGER
   );

其中输入参数num_physical_disks用以指定数据库存储所用物理磁盘的近似数；max_latency指定了客户所能容忍的最大IO 延迟时间，单位为ms;一般我们认为IO平均等待在10ms左右是一种较好的表现，远大于这个数字往往说明IO负载过高了，这里我们假定15ms是我们的deadline。

SQL> set serveroutput on;
SQL> DECLARE
  2    lat  INTEGER;
  3    iops INTEGER;
  4    mbps INTEGER;
  5  BEGIN
  6  -- DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CALIBRATE_IO (disk_count,max_latency , iops, mbps, lat);
  7     DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CALIBRATE_IO (2, 15, iops, mbps, lat);
  8
  9    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('max_iops = ' || iops);
 10    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('latency  = ' || lat);
 11    dbms_output.put_line('max_mbps = ' || mbps);
 12  end;
 13  /

max_iops = 127
latency  = 15
max_mbps = 38

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
/*平均延迟为15ms时，最大iops为127,mbps为38*/

/*执行过程中也可以通过V$IO_CALIBRATION_STATUS视图了解进度*/
SQL> select * from V$IO_CALIBRATION_STATUS;

STATUS        CALIBRATION_TIME
------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IN PROGRESS   11-8月 -10 12.02.35.121 下午

SQL> alter session set nls_timestamp_format='HH24:MI';

Session altered
SQL> col start_time for a10;
SQL> col end_time for a10;
SQL> select * from DBA_RSRC_IO_CALIBRATE;

START_TIME END_TIME     MAX_IOPS   MAX_MBPS  MAX_PMBPS    LATENCY NUM_PHYSICAL_DISKS
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------
12:55      12:59             127         38         14         15                  2
/*DBA_RSRC_IO_CALIBRATE视图记录了IO CALIBRATION的历史信息*/