本章介绍线程池的拒绝策略。内容包括：
拒绝策略介绍
拒绝策略对比和示例
转载请注明出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/skywang12345/p/3512947.html
拒绝策略介绍
线程池的拒绝策略，是指当任务添加到线程池中被拒绝，而采取的处理措施。
当任务添加到线程池中之所以被拒绝，可能是由于：第一，线程池异常关闭。第二，任务数量超过线程池的最大限制。
线程池共包括4种拒绝策略，它们分别是：AbortPolicy, CallerRunsPolicy, DiscardOldestPolicy和DiscardPolicy。
AbortPolicy -- 当任务添加到线程池中被拒绝时，它将抛出 RejectedExecutionException 异常。 CallerRunsPolicy -- 当任务添加到线程池中被拒绝时，会在线程池当前正在运行的Thread线程池中处理被拒绝的任务。 DiscardOldestPolicy -- 当任务添加到线程池中被拒绝时，线程池会放弃等待队列中最旧的未处理任务，然后将被拒绝的任务添加到等待队列中。 DiscardPolicy -- 当任务添加到线程池中被拒绝时，线程池将丢弃被拒绝的任务。
线程池默认的处理策略是AbortPolicy！
拒绝策略对比和示例
下面通过示例，分别演示线程池的4种拒绝策略。
1. DiscardPolicy 示例
2. DiscardOldestPolicy 示例
3. AbortPolicy 示例
4. CallerRunsPolicy 示例
1 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
2 import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
3 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
4 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
5 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy;
6
7 public class DiscardPolicyDemo {
8
9 private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1;
10 private static final int CAPACITY = 1;
11
12 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
13
14 // 创建线程池。线程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE)，"线程池"的阻塞队列容量为1(CAPACITY)。
15 ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
16 new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(CAPACITY));
17 // 设置线程池的拒绝策略为"丢弃"
18 pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy());
19
20 // 新建10个任务，并将它们添加到线程池中。
21 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
22 Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i);
23 pool.execute(myrun);
24 }
25 // 关闭线程池
26 pool.shutdown();
27 }
28 }
29
30 class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
31 private String name;
32 public MyRunnable(String name) {
33 this.name = name;
34 }
35 @Override
36 public void run() {
37 try {
38 System.out.println(this.name + " is running.");
39 Thread.sleep(100);
40 } catch (Exception e) {
41 e.printStackTrace();
42 }
43 }
44 }
运行结果：
task-0 is running. task-1 is running.
结果说明：线程池pool的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE)，这意味着"线程池能同时运行的任务数量最大只能是1"。
线程池pool的阻塞队列是ArrayBlockingQueue，ArrayBlockingQueue是一个有界的阻塞队列，ArrayBlockingQueue的容量为1。这也意味着线程池的阻塞队列只能有一个线程池阻塞等待。
根据""中分析的execute()代码可知：线程池中共运行了2个任务。第1个任务直接放到Worker中，通过线程去执行；第2个任务放到阻塞队列中等待。其他的任务都被丢弃了！
1 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
2 import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
3 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
4 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
5 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy;
6
7 public class DiscardOldestPolicyDemo {
8
9 private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1;
10 private static final int CAPACITY = 1;
11
12 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
13
14 // 创建线程池。线程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE)，"线程池"的阻塞队列容量为1(CAPACITY)。
15 ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
16 new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(CAPACITY));
17 // 设置线程池的拒绝策略为"DiscardOldestPolicy"
18 pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy());
19
20 // 新建10个任务，并将它们添加到线程池中。
21 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
22 Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i);
23 pool.execute(myrun);
24 }
25 // 关闭线程池
26 pool.shutdown();
27 }
28 }
29
30 class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
31 private String name;
32 public MyRunnable(String name) {
33 this.name = name;
34 }
35 @Override
36 public void run() {
37 try {
38 System.out.println(this.name + " is running.");
39 Thread.sleep(200);
40 } catch (Exception e) {
41 e.printStackTrace();
42 }
43 }
44 }
运行结果：
task-0 is running. task-9 is running.
结果说明：将"线程池的拒绝策略"由DiscardPolicy修改为DiscardOldestPolicy之后，当有任务添加到线程池被拒绝时，线程池会丢弃阻塞队列中末尾的任务，然后将被拒绝的任务添加到末尾。
1 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
2 import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
3 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
4 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
5 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy;
6 import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
7
8 public class AbortPolicyDemo {
9
10 private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1;
11 private static final int CAPACITY = 1;
12
13 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
14
15 // 创建线程池。线程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE)，"线程池"的阻塞队列容量为1(CAPACITY)。
16 ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
17 new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(CAPACITY));
18 // 设置线程池的拒绝策略为"抛出异常"
19 pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());
20
21 try {
22
23 // 新建10个任务，并将它们添加到线程池中。
24 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
25 Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i);
26 pool.execute(myrun);
27 }
28 } catch (RejectedExecutionException e) {
29 e.printStackTrace();
30 // 关闭线程池
31 pool.shutdown();
32 }
33 }
34 }
35
36 class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
37 private String name;
38 public MyRunnable(String name) {
39 this.name = name;
40 }
41 @Override
42 public void run() {
43 try {
44 System.out.println(this.name + " is running.");
45 Thread.sleep(200);
46 } catch (Exception e) {
47 e.printStackTrace();
48 }
49 }
50 }
(某一次)运行结果：
java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$AbortPolicy.rejectedExecution(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1774)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.reject(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:768)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.execute(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:656)
at AbortPolicyDemo.main(AbortPolicyDemo.java:27)
task-0 is running.
task-1 is running.
结果说明：将"线程池的拒绝策略"由DiscardPolicy修改为AbortPolicy之后，当有任务添加到线程池被拒绝时，会抛出RejectedExecutionException。
1 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
2 import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
3 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
4 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
5 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy;
6
7 public class CallerRunsPolicyDemo {
8
9 private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1;
10 private static final int CAPACITY = 1;
11
12 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
13
14 // 创建线程池。线程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE)，"线程池"的阻塞队列容量为1(CAPACITY)。
15 ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
16 new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(CAPACITY));
17 // 设置线程池的拒绝策略为"CallerRunsPolicy"
18 pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
19
20 // 新建10个任务，并将它们添加到线程池中。
21 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
22 Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i);
23 pool.execute(myrun);
24 }
25
26 // 关闭线程池
27 pool.shutdown();
28 }
29 }
30
31 class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
32 private String name;
33 public MyRunnable(String name) {
34 this.name = name;
35 }
36 @Override
37 public void run() {
38 try {
39 System.out.println(this.name + " is running.");
40 Thread.sleep(100);
41 } catch (Exception e) {
42 e.printStackTrace();
43 }
44 }
45 }
(某一次)运行结果：
task-2 is running. task-3 is running. task-4 is running. task-5 is running. task-6 is running. task-7 is running. task-8 is running. task-9 is running. task-0 is running. task-1 is running.
结果说明：将"线程池的拒绝策略"由DiscardPolicy修改为CallerRunsPolicy之后，当有任务添加到线程池被拒绝时，线程池会将被拒绝的任务添加到"线程池正在运行的线程"中取运行。