C# 5.0 引入了async/await,.net framework4.5开始支持该用法
使用:
由async标识的方法必须带有await,如果不带await,方法将被同步执行
static void Main(string[] args) { fun22(); Console.WriteLine($"Main await ThreadId {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}"); Console.ReadKey(); } private async static void fun22() { //sync同步(相对于调用函数的线程) Console.WriteLine($"pre await ThreadId {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}"); await HelloWorld(); //async异步(相对于调用函数的线程) Console.WriteLine($"after await ThreadId {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}"); } private static Task HelloWorld() { //sync同步(相对于调用函数的线程) Console.WriteLine($"pre Task ThreadId {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}"); //async异步(相对于调用函数的线程) return Task.Factory.StartNew(() => {
Thread.Sleep(1000); Console.WriteLine($"Task ThreadId {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}"); }); }
运行结果:
结果说明:
只有执行到Task异步的时候,才使真正的异步
微软的例子:
using System; using System.IO; namespace ConsoleApplication { class Program { static async Task Main() { await ReadCharacters(); } static async Task ReadCharacters() { String result; using (StreamReader reader = File.OpenText("existingfile.txt")) { Console.WriteLine("Opened file."); result = await reader.ReadToEndAsync(); Console.WriteLine("Contains: " + result); } } } }
查看ReadToEndAsync源码,发现最后是TaskFactory<Int32>.FromAsyncTrim,真正的异步由这个函数执行,也就是真正的异步是由Task的线程池执行的。
[HostProtection(ExternalThreading = true)] [ComVisible(false)] public Task<int> ReadAsync(Byte[] buffer, int offset, int count) { return ReadAsync(buffer, offset, count, CancellationToken.None); } [HostProtection(ExternalThreading = true)] [ComVisible(false)] public virtual Task<int> ReadAsync(Byte[] buffer, int offset, int count, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { // If cancellation was requested, bail early with an already completed task. // Otherwise, return a task that represents the Begin/End methods. return cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested ? Task.FromCancellation<int>(cancellationToken) : BeginEndReadAsync(buffer, offset, count); } private Task<Int32> BeginEndReadAsync(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 count) { return TaskFactory<Int32>.FromAsyncTrim( this, new ReadWriteParameters { Buffer = buffer, Offset = offset, Count = count }, (stream, args, callback, state) => stream.BeginRead(args.Buffer, args.Offset, args.Count, callback, state), // cached by compiler (stream, asyncResult) => stream.EndRead(asyncResult)); // cached by compiler }