微服务 第六章 springboot 通过Spring-data-jpa 配置Oracle数据源（Spring-data-jpa详细介绍）

　　JPA：Java Persistence API 是java持久化规范。它为java开发人员提供了一种对象/映射工具来管理java应用中的关系数据。目的是为了简化持久化开发工作和整合ORM技术。

　　Spring Data JPA 是Spring基于ORM框架、JPA规范的基础上封装的一套JPA应用框架。可使得开发者用极简的代码即可实现对数据的访问和操作。

　　Spring Data JPA默认生成了一些基本的增删改查。

    List<T> findAll();

    List<T> findAll(Sort var1);

    List<T> findAll(Iterable<ID> var1);

    <S extends T> List<S> save(Iterable<S> var1);

    void flush();

    <S extends T> S saveAndFlush(S var1);

    void deleteInBatch(Iterable<T> var1);

    void deleteAllInBatch();

    T getOne(ID var1);

    <S extends T> List<S> findAll(Example<S> var1);

    <S extends T> List<S> findAll(Example<S> var1, Sort var2);

　　

自定义操作：

具体的关键字，使用方法和生产成SQL如下表所示

Keyword	Sample	JPQL snippet
And	findByLastnameAndFirstname	… where x.lastname = ?1 and x.firstname = ?2
Or	findByLastnameOrFirstname	… where x.lastname = ?1 or x.firstname = ?2
Is,Equals	findByFirstnameIs,findByFirstnameEquals	… where x.firstname = ?1
Between	findByStartDateBetween	… where x.startDate between ?1 and ?2
LessThan	findByAgeLessThan	… where x.age < ?1
LessThanEqual	findByAgeLessThanEqual	… where x.age ⇐ ?1
GreaterThan	findByAgeGreaterThan	… where x.age > ?1
GreaterThanEqual	findByAgeGreaterThanEqual	… where x.age >= ?1
After	findByStartDateAfter	… where x.startDate > ?1
Before	findByStartDateBefore	… where x.startDate < ?1
IsNull	findByAgeIsNull	… where x.age is null
IsNotNull,NotNull	findByAge(Is)NotNull	… where x.age not null
Like	findByFirstnameLike	… where x.firstname like ?1
NotLike	findByFirstnameNotLike	… where x.firstname not like ?1
StartingWith	findByFirstnameStartingWith	… where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound with appended %)
EndingWith	findByFirstnameEndingWith	… where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound with prepended %)
Containing	findByFirstnameContaining	… where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound wrapped in %)
OrderBy	findByAgeOrderByLastnameDesc	… where x.age = ?1 order by x.lastname desc
Not	findByLastnameNot	… where x.lastname <> ?1
In	findByAgeIn(Collection ages)	… where x.age in ?1
NotIn	findByAgeNotIn(Collection age)	… where x.age not in ?1
TRUE	findByActiveTrue()	… where x.active = true
FALSE	findByActiveFalse()	… where x.active = false
IgnoreCase	findByFirstnameIgnoreCase	… where UPPER(x.firstame) = UPPER(?1)

自定义SQL查询

　　其实Spring data 觉大部分的SQL都可以根据方法名定义的方式来实现，但是由于某些原因我们想使用自定义的SQL来查询，spring data也是完美支持的；在SQL的查询方法上面使用@Query注解，如涉及到删除和修改在需要加上@Modifying.也可以根据需要添加 @Transactional 对事物的支持，查询超时的设置等

@Modifying
@Query("update User u set u.userName = ?1 where u.id = ?2")
int modifyByIdAndUserId(String  userName, Long id);
	
@Transactional
@Modifying
@Query("delete from User where id = ?1")
void deleteByUserId(Long id);
  
@Transactional(timeout = 10)
@Query("select u from User u where u.emailAddress = ?1")
    User findByEmailAddress(String emailAddress);