MySQL之单表查询
创建表
# 创建表 mysql> create table company.employee5( id int primary key AUTO_INCREMENT not null, name varchar(30) not null, sex enum('male','female') default 'male' not null, hire_date date not null, post varchar(50) not null, job_description varchar(100), salary double(15,2) not null, office int, dep_id int ); # 插入数据 mysql> insert into company.employee5(name,sex,hire_date,post,job_description,salary,office,dep_id) values ('jack','male','20180202','instructor','teach',5000,501,100), ('tom','male','20180203','instructor','teach',5500,501,100), ('robin','male','20180202','instructor','teach',8000,501,100), ('alice','female','20180202','instructor','teach',7200,501,100), ('tianyun','male','20180202','hr','hrcc',600,502,101), ('harry','male','20180202','hr',NULL,6000,502,101), ('emma','female','20180206','sale','salecc',20000,503,102), ('christine','female','20180205','sale','salecc',2200,503,102), ('zhuzhu','male','20180205','sale',NULL,2200,503,102), ('gougou','male','20180205','sale','',2200,503,102); # 查看表结构 mysql> desc employee5; +-----------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-----------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | name | varchar(30) | NO | | NULL | | | sex | enum('male','female') | NO | | male | | | hire_date | date | NO | | NULL | | | post | varchar(50) | NO | | NULL | | | job_description | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | | | salary | double(15,2) | NO | | NULL | | | office | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | dep_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | +-----------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
查询语法
SELECT 字段1,字段2... FROM 表名
WHERE 条件
GROUP BY field
HAVING 筛选
ORDER BY field
LIMIT 限制条数；
查看表中所有数据
mysql> select * from employee5; +----+-----------+--------+------------+------------+-----------------+----------+--------+--------+ | id | name | sex | hire_date | post | job_description | salary | office | dep_id | +----+-----------+--------+------------+------------+-----------------+----------+--------+--------+ | 1 | jack | male | 2018-02-02 | instructor | teach | 5000.00 | 501 | 100 | | 2 | tom | male | 2018-02-03 | instructor | teach | 5500.00 | 501 | 100 | | 3 | robin | male | 2018-02-02 | instructor | teach | 8000.00 | 501 | 100 | | 4 | alice | female | 2018-02-02 | instructor | teach | 7200.00 | 501 | 100 | | 5 | tianyun | male | 2018-02-02 | hr | hrcc | 600.00 | 502 | 101 | | 6 | harry | male | 2018-02-02 | hr | NULL | 6000.00 | 502 | 101 | | 7 | emma | female | 2018-02-06 | sale | salecc | 20000.00 | 503 | 102 | | 8 | christine | female | 2018-02-05 | sale | salecc | 2200.00 | 503 | 102 | | 9 | zhuzhu | male | 2018-02-05 | sale | NULL | 2200.00 | 503 | 102 | | 10 | gougou | male | 2018-02-05 | sale | | 2200.00 | 503 | 102 | +----+-----------+--------+------------+------------+-----------------+----------+--------+--------+ 10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
简单查询
简单查询
mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5;
mysql> SELECT name, salary, dep_id FROM employee5;
去重DISTINCT
mysql> SELECT post FROM employee5; mysql> SELECT DISTINCT post FROM employee5; 注：不能部分使用DISTINCT，通常仅用于某一字段。
通过四则运算查询
mysql> SELECT name, salary, salary*14 FROM employee5; mysql> SELECT name, salary, salary*14 AS Annual_salary FROM employee5; mysql> SELECT name, salary, salary*14 Annual_salary FROM employee5;
定义显示格式
CONCAT() 函数用于连接字符串 mysql> SELECT CONCAT(name, ' annual salary: ', salary*14) AS Annual_salary FROM employee5;
条件查询
a、语法 select * from 表名 where 条件 b、比较运算符 大于 小于 大于等于 小于等于 不等于 > < >= <= !=或<> c、逻辑运算符 并且 或者 非 and or not d、模糊查询 like % 表示任意多个任意字符 _ 表示一个任意字符 e、范围查询 in 表示在一个非连续的范围内 between...and... 表示在一个连续的范围内 f、空判断 判断空：is null 判断非空：is not null g、优先级 小括号,not 比较运算符， 逻辑运算符 and比or优先级高，如果同时出现并希望先选or，需要结合()来使用
单条件查询
mysql> SELECT name,post FROM employee5 WHERE post='hr';
多条件查询
mysql> SELECT name,salary FROM employee5 WHERE post='hr' AND salary>5000;
关键字 BETWEEN AND查询
mysql> SELECT name,salary FROM employee5 WHERE salary BETWEEN 5000 AND 15000;
mysql> SELECT name,salary FROM employee5 WHERE salary NOT BETWEEN 5000 AND 15000;
关键字 IS NULL 查询
mysql> SELECT name,job_description FROM employee5 WHERE job_description IS NULL; mysql> SELECT name,job_description FROM employee5 WHERE job_description IS NOT NULL; mysql> SELECT name,job_description FROM employee5 WHERE job_description='';
关键字IN集合查询
mysql> SELECT name, salary FROM employee5 WHERE salary=4000 OR salary=5000 OR salary=6000 OR salary=9000 ; mysql> SELECT name, salary FROM employee5 WHERE salary IN (4000,5000,6000,9000) ; mysql> SELECT name, salary FROM employee5 WHERE salary NOT IN (4000,5000,6000,9000) ;
关键字LIKE模糊查询
通配符’%’ mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 WHERE name LIKE 'al%'; 通配符’_’ mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 WHERE name LIKE 'al___';
查询排序
按单列排序
mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 ORDER BY salary; mysql> SELECT name, salary FROM employee5 ORDER BY salary ASC; mysql> SELECT name, salary FROM employee5 ORDER BY salary DESC;
按多列排序
mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 ORDER BY hire_date DESC,salary ASC; # 先按入职时间，再按薪水排序 mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 ORDER BY hire_date DESC, salary DESC; # 先按职位，再按薪水排序 mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 ORDER BY post, salary DESC;
分页查询 limit
mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 5; //默认初始位置为0 mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 0,5; mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 3,5; //从第4条开始，共显示5条
聚合函数查询
a、count(*) 表示计算总行数，括号中可以写*和列名 b、max(列) 表示求此列的最大值 c、min(列) 表示求此列的最小值 d、sun(列) 表示求此列的和 e、avg(列) 表示求此列的平均值 mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employee5; mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employee5 WHERE dep_id=101; mysql> SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employee5; mysql> SELECT MIN(salary) FROM employee5; mysql> SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employee5; mysql> SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employee5; mysql> SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employee5 WHERE dep_id=101;
分组查询
单独使用GROUP BY关键字分组 mysql> SELECT post FROM employee5 GROUP BY post;
注意：我们按照post字段分组，那么select查询的字段只能是post，想要获取组内的其他相关信息，需要借助函数
GROUP BY关键字和group_concat()函数一起使用
# 按照id分组，并查看组内成员 mysql> SELECT dep_id,GROUP_CONCAT(name) FROM employee5 GROUP BY dep_id; mysql> SELECT dep_id,GROUP_CONCAT(name) as emp_members FROM employee5 GROUP BY dep_id;
GROUP BY和集合函数一起使用
# 按照dep_id 分组， 并计算组内成员工资总和 mysql> SELECT dep_id,SUM(salary) FROM employee5 GROUP BY dep_id; # 按照dep_id分组，并计算组内成员工资平均值 mysql> SELECT dep_id,AVG(salary) FROM employee5 GROUP BY dep_id;
正则表达式查询
mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 WHERE name REGEXP '^j'; mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 WHERE salary REGEXP '[5]+.*'; mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 WHERE salary REGEXP '[5]{2}.*';