• ELF文件之八——使用链接脚本-2个函数-data-bss-temp-call-debug信息


    gcc编译选项可以设置生成调试信息,

    debug信息格式有stabs,coff,xcoff,dwarf。

    常用的有两种格式,stab和dwarf,stab较早,dwarf较新。两种格式介绍:https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/opensource/os-debugging/

    单独-g可以生成只有gdb能识别的额外辅助信息,如果不想生成这些辅助信息,可以使用-gstabs等选项,只生成stabs调试信息,不生成额外辅助信息。

    调试选项-g和优化选项-O一起使用的话,可能会导致调试信息与最终不一致,比如,定义的变量被优化掉了等,因此,-g时最好不用-O。

    -g生成操作系统固有的格式,对于sparc来说,使用-g会生成stab格式。

    如果使用-g -gdwarf-2,则会生成dwarf-2格式的调试信息,不再生成stab格式的。这两个选项允许同时存在。

    如果使用-gstabs -dwarf-2,则后一个-dwarf-2会并忽略,因为和stabs冲突,即生成stabs格式的调试信息。这两个是同时存在是不允许的。

    -g
    Produce debugging information in the operating system's native format (stabs, COFF,
    XCOFF, or DWARF). GDB can work with this debugging information.
    
    On most systems that use stabs format, `-g' enables use of extra debugging information
    that only GDB can use; this extra information makes debugging work better in GDB but
    will probably make other debuggers crash or refuse to read the program. If you want to
    control for certain whether to generate the extra information, use `-gstabs+' , `-gstabs' ,
    `-gxcoff+' , `-gxcoff' , `-gdwarf-1+' , or `-gdwarf-1' (see below).
    Unlike most other C compilers, GCC allows you to use `-g' with `-O' . The shortcuts taken
    by optimized code may occasionally produce surprising results: some variables you
    declared may not exist at all; flow of control may briefly move where you did not expect it;
    some statements may not be executed because they compute constant results or their values
    were already at hand; some statements may execute in different places because they were
    moved out of loops.

    添加-g选项后,生成的elf文件节头表如下:stab长度为0x240=576,stabstr长度为0x4de=1246,共1822字节

    原来的elf为839字节,新elf为2787字节。增加的debug信息比原来的全部elf还多,1822>839。

    Section Headers:
      [Nr] Name              Type            Addr     Off    Size   ES Flg Lk Inf Al
      [ 0]                   NULL            00000000 000000 000000 00      0   0  0
      [ 1] .text             PROGBITS        70000000 000054 000050 00  AX  0   0  4
      [ 2] .data             PROGBITS        70000050 0000a4 000004 00  WA  0   0  4
      [ 3] .bss              NOBITS          70000054 0000a8 000004 00  WA  0   0  4
      [ 4] .stab             PROGBITS        00000000 0000a8 000240 0c      6   0  4
      [ 5] .comment          PROGBITS        00000000 0002e8 000012 00      0   0  1
      [ 6] .stabstr          STRTAB          00000000 0002fa 0004de 00      0   0  1
      [ 7] .shstrtab         STRTAB          00000000 0007d8 000044 00      0   0  1
      [ 8] .symtab           SYMTAB          00000000 0009ac 000110 10      9   c  4
      [ 9] .strtab           STRTAB          00000000 000abc 000027 00      0   0  1

    没有-g的节头表

    Section Headers:
      [Nr] Name              Type            Addr     Off    Size   ES Flg Lk Inf Al
      [ 0]                   NULL            00000000 000000 000000 00      0   0  0
      [ 1] .text             PROGBITS        70000000 000054 000050 00  AX  0   0  4
      [ 2] .data             PROGBITS        70000050 0000a4 000004 00  WA  0   0  4
      [ 3] .bss              NOBITS          70000054 0000a8 000004 00  WA  0   0  4
      [ 4] .comment          PROGBITS        00000000 0000a8 000012 00      0   0  1
      [ 5] .shstrtab         STRTAB          00000000 0000ba 000035 00      0   0  1
      [ 6] .symtab           SYMTAB          00000000 000230 0000f0 10      7   a  4
      [ 7] .strtab           STRTAB          00000000 000320 000027 00      0   0  1

            shstrtab     symtab      section hdr

    旧elf,839    0x35=53    0xf0=240      320

    新elf,2787    0x44=68    0x110=272     400

    增加量,      15      32        80

    debug  1822+15+32+80=1949

    2787-839=1948

    stab大小为0x240=578,每个项目12字节,如下,共48个项目

    struct internal_nlist {
    unsigned long n_strx; /* index into string table of name */
    unsigned char n_type; /* type of symbol */
    unsigned char n_other; /* misc info (usually empty) */
    unsigned short n_desc; /* description field */
    bfd_vma n_value; /* value of symbol */
    };

    stab段,0x8a开始,12字节一个项目,看不明白。

    The “stabs” debug format: http://www.sm.luth.se/csee/courses/smd/D0013E/doc/stabs.pdf

    链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1Fv3zcqNhScUdaHp4PyAYsQ
    提取码:by76

    增加-gdwarf选项后,生成的dwarf格式的节多了5个。

    Section Headers:
      [Nr] Name              Type            Addr     Off    Size   ES Flg Lk Inf Al
      [ 0]                   NULL            00000000 000000 000000 00      0   0  0
      [ 1] .text             PROGBITS        70000000 000074 000084 00  AX  0   0  4
      [ 2] .data             PROGBITS        70000084 0000f8 000004 00  WA  0   0  4
      [ 3] .bss              NOBITS          70000088 0000fc 000000 00  WA  0   0  1
      [ 4] .rodata           PROGBITS        00000000 000074 000000 00   A  0   0  1
      [ 5] .line             PROGBITS        00000000 0000fc 00009e 00      0   0  1
      [ 6] .debug_pubnames   PROGBITS        00000000 00019a 00002d 00      0   0  1
      [ 7] .debug_aranges    PROGBITS        00000000 0001c7 000031 00      0   0  1
      [ 8] .debug            PROGBITS        00000000 0001f8 00025c 00      0   0  4
      [ 9] .comment          PROGBITS        00000000 000454 000012 00      0   0  1
      [10] .shstrtab         STRTAB          00000000 000466 000069 00      0   0  1
      [11] .symtab           SYMTAB          00000000 0006d8 000130 10     12   f  4
      [12] .strtab           STRTAB          00000000 000808 000022 00      0   0  1

    可以用objdump输出stab信息,以下是某个elf文件输出的stab信息,但有一堆看着没用的东西,使用如下命令

    objdump -G main.elf > debug.txt

    main.elf:     file format elf32-sparc
    
    Contents of .stab section:
    
    Symnum n_type n_othr n_desc n_value  n_strx String
    
    -1     HdrSym 0      33     00000335 1     
    0      SO     0      0      70000034 8      ../src/main.c
    1      OPT    0      0      00000000 22     gcc2_compiled.
    2      LSYM   0      0      00000000 37     int:t(0,1)=r(0,1);-2147483648;2147483647;
    3      LSYM   0      0      00000000 79     char:t(0,2)=r(0,2);0;127;
    4      LSYM   0      0      00000000 105    long int:t(0,3)=r(0,3);-2147483648;2147483647;
    5      LSYM   0      0      00000000 152    unsigned int:t(0,4)=r(0,4);0;-1;
    6      LSYM   0      0      00000000 185    long unsigned int:t(0,5)=r(0,5);0;-1;
    7      LSYM   0      0      00000000 223    long long int:t(0,6)=r(0,6);0;-1;
    8      LSYM   0      0      00000000 257    long long unsigned int:t(0,7)=r(0,7);0;-1;
    9      LSYM   0      0      00000000 300    short int:t(0,8)=r(0,8);-32768;32767;
    10     LSYM   0      0      00000000 338    short unsigned int:t(0,9)=r(0,9);0;65535;
    11     LSYM   0      0      00000000 380    signed char:t(0,10)=r(0,10);-128;127;
    12     LSYM   0      0      00000000 418    unsigned char:t(0,11)=r(0,11);0;255;
    13     LSYM   0      0      00000000 455    float:t(0,12)=r(0,1);4;0;
    14     LSYM   0      0      00000000 481    double:t(0,13)=r(0,1);8;0;
    15     LSYM   0      0      00000000 508    long double:t(0,14)=r(0,1);8;0;
    16     LSYM   0      0      00000000 540    complex int:t(0,15)=s8real:(0,1),0,32;imag:(0,1),32,32;;
    17     LSYM   0      0      00000000 597    complex float:t(0,16)=R3;8;0;
    18     LSYM   0      0      00000000 627    complex double:t(0,17)=R4;16;0;
    19     LSYM   0      0      00000000 659    complex long double:t(0,18)=R4;16;0;
    20     LSYM   0      0      00000000 696    __builtin_va_list:t(0,19)=*(0,20)=(0,20)
    21     LSYM   0      0      00000000 737    _Bool:t(0,21)=eFalse:0,True:1,;
    22     BINCL  0      0      00000ce2 8      ../src/main.c
    23     FUN    0      0      70000034 769    main:F(0,1)
    24     SLINE  0      7      00000000 0      
    25     SLINE  0      12     00000004 0      
    26     SLINE  0      13     00000008 0      
    27     LSYM   0      0      fffffff0 781    d:(0,13)
    28     LBRAC  0      0      00000004 0      
    29     RBRAC  0      0      00000008 0      
    30     GSYM   0      0      00000000 790    var_data:G(0,1)
    31     GSYM   0      0      00000000 806    var_bss:G(0,1)
    32     SO     0      0      70000048 0      
    View Code
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yanhc/p/12311009.html
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