刚装的新系统需要调整一些配置才能更好的工作，下面纪录一些常见的配置
环境debian9.8
1. 设置 允许root用户ssh远程登录
sudo vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
调整PermitRootLogin参数值为yes
重启sshd服务生效
systemctl restart sshd.service
2. 设置软件源
打开文件
vi /etc/apt/sources.list
初始内容如下
#
# deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 9.8.0 _Stretch_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1 20190216-11:59]/ stretch contrib main
deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 9.8.0 _Stretch_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1 20190216-11:59]/ stretch contrib main
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ stretch main
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ stretch main
deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security stretch/updates main contrib
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security stretch/updates main contrib
# stretch-updates, previously known as 'volatile'
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib
先将deb cdrom:开头的一行去掉，保存
运行update
apt update
也可以添加其他软件源，如阿里云
将/etc/apt/sources.list文件替换为如下内容
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stretch main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stretch main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stretch-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stretch-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security stretch/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security stretch/updates main contrib non-free
运行apt update
3. 安装必要的软件
3.1 安装vim
vim是必须要安装的
apt install vim
3.2 安装lrzsz
xshell配合lrzsz可以很方便的在windows系统和linux系统之间传输小文件
apt install lrzsz
3.3 安装tree
以树形显示目录结构
apt install tree
3.4 安装iotop
监控磁盘使用率
apt install iotop
4. 修改网卡名称为eth开头
vim /etc/default/grub
在GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX后面加入net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0
部分内容如下：
root@debian:~# cat /etc/default/grub
# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
# /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
# For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
# info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"
运行下面命令将修改的内容写入boot grub.cfg文件
update-grub
或者
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
上面修改了网卡名称，那么配置ip的地方也要修改
vim /etc/network/interfaces
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
# The primary network interface
allow-hotplug ens33
iface ens33 inet dhcp
将ens33修改为eth0保存
重启系统后，再看到的网卡名称就是eth开头的了
5. 修改为静态ip
最好为每个网卡设置一个独立的配置文件
先将/etc/network/interfaces文件中关于eth0的配置注销掉
如添加一个eth0的配置文件
vim /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0.cfg
内容如下
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.144.200
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.144.2
重启生效
注意：
如果使用
systemctl restart networking.service
或者
/etc/init.d/networking restart
可能会出现双ip的情况
root@debian:~# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:8e:a9:f6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.144.131/24 brd 192.168.144.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.144.200/24 brd 192.168.144.255 scope global secondary eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8e:a9f6/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@debian:~#
上面有旧的ip 131和新的静态ip 200
6. 设置域名服务器
vim /etc/resolv.conf
如添加行
nameserver 8.8.8.8
保存退出即生效
7. 为ls和grep加入颜色
默认~/.bashrc文件内容
root@debian:~# cat .bashrc
# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
# Note: PS1 and umask are already set in /etc/profile. You should not
# need this unless you want different defaults for root.
# PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}h:w$ '
# umask 022
# You may uncomment the following lines if you want `ls' to be colorized:
# export LS_OPTIONS='--color=auto'
# eval "`dircolors`"
# alias ls='ls $LS_OPTIONS'
# alias ll='ls $LS_OPTIONS -l'
# alias l='ls $LS_OPTIONS -lA'
#
# Some more alias to avoid making mistakes:
# alias rm='rm -i'
# alias cp='cp -i'
# alias mv='mv -i'
root@debian:~#
修改为如下
root@debian:~# cat ~/.bashrc
# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
# Note: PS1 and umask are already set in /etc/profile. You should not
# need this unless you want different defaults for root.
# PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}h:w$ '
# umask 022
# You may uncomment the following lines if you want `ls' to be colorized:
export LS_OPTIONS='--color=auto'
eval "`dircolors`"
alias ls='ls $LS_OPTIONS'
alias ll='ls $LS_OPTIONS -l'
alias l='ls $LS_OPTIONS -lA'
#
# Some more alias to avoid making mistakes:
# alias rm='rm -i'
# alias cp='cp -i'
# alias mv='mv -i'
alias grep='grep --color=auto'
root@debian:~#
立即生效，运行
. ~/.bashrc
或者退出终端，重新登录，也会生效