C和指针 第十二章 结构体 习题

12.3 重新编写12.7，使用头和尾指针分别以一个单独的指针传递给函数，而不是作为一个节点的一部分

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0

//指针fwd指向前一个节点，bwd指向后一个节点
typedef struct NODE {
    struct NODE *fwd;
    struct NODE *bwd;
    int value;
} Node;

/*传入指向 头部和尾部节点的指针 的指针，四种情况
 * 插入到表头，
 * 插入到表尾，
 * 插入到空表中，
 * 插入到表中，前三个都需要修改headPtr或tailPtr指针
 */
int doubleLinklistInsert(Node **headPtr, Node **tailPtr, int value)
{
    Node *this = *headPtr;
    Node *newNode;

    while( this != NULL && this -> value < value){
        this = this -> fwd;
    }

    newNode = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node));
    newNode -> value = value;

    if(this == NULL){
    //插入到表尾，或者空表中
        if(this == *headPtr){
        //插入到空表
            *headPtr = newNode;
            *tailPtr = newNode;
            newNode -> fwd = NULL;
            newNode -> bwd = NULL;
        }else{
        //插入到表尾
            newNode -> fwd = NULL;
            //原来的表尾元素为当前节点的前节点
            newNode -> bwd = *tailPtr;
            (*tailPtr) -> fwd = newNode;
            //更新尾节点指针
            *tailPtr = newNode;
        }
    }else{
    //插入到表头，或者表中
        if(this == *headPtr){
            //插入到表头
            newNode -> bwd = NULL;
            //原来的表头变成第二个节点
            newNode -> fwd = *headPtr;
            (*headPtr) -> bwd = newNode;
            //更新表头
            *headPtr = newNode;
        }else{
            //插入到非空表中this位置的前面
            newNode -> fwd = this;
            newNode -> bwd = this -> bwd;
            this -> bwd -> fwd = newNode;
            this -> bwd = newNode;
        }
    }

    return TRUE;
}

int main()
{
    Node third;
    Node second;
    Node first;

    third = (Node){NULL, &second, 4};
    second = (Node){&third, &first, 2};
    first = (Node){&second, NULL, 1};

    Node *head = &first;
    Node *tail = &third;

    doubleLinklistInsert(&head, &tail, 35);
    doubleLinklistInsert(&head, &tail, 3);
    doubleLinklistInsert(&head, &tail, -10);

    Node *rootPtr = head;
    while(rootPtr != NULL){
        printf("%d	", rootPtr -> value);
        rootPtr = rootPtr -> fwd;
    }
    return 0;
}

　　运行：

12.4 编写函数反序排列单链表所有节点。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0

typedef struct Node {
    struct Node *next;
    int value;
} Linklist;

Linklist *sll_reverse(Linklist *first)
{
    if(first == NULL){
        return  NULL;
    }

    Linklist *current = first;
    Linklist *next;
    Linklist *pre;
    Linklist *morePre = NULL;

    while((next = current -> next) != NULL){
        //循环移动当前指向的节点
        pre = current;
        current = next;
        //修改前一节点的next指针为前前节点
        pre -> next = morePre;
        //移动前前节点morePre的指针
        morePre = pre;
    }

    //如果为单个节点之间返回
    if(current == first){
        return  first;
    }else{
    //修改最后一个节点的指针，作为头指针返回原来的最后一个节点的位置
        current -> next = pre;
        return current;
    }
}

int main()
{
    Linklist third = {NULL, 4};
    Linklist second = {&third, 3};
    Linklist first = {&second, 2};
    Linklist *head = &first;

    head = sll_reverse(head);

    while (head != NULL){
        printf("%d	", head -> value);
        head = head -> next;
    }
    return 0;
}

　　运行：

12.5 编写程序，从一个单链表中删除一个节点，第一个参数为指向链表头部的指针的指针

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0

typedef struct Node {
    struct Node *next;
    int value;
} Linklist;

//从first指向的链表中删除节点node
int sll_delete(Linklist **first, Linklist *node)
{
    Linklist **ptr = first;
    //Ptr为指向 next字段的 指针
    while(*ptr != NULL && *ptr != node){
        ptr = &((*ptr) -> next);
    }
    //如果没有找到
    if(*ptr == NULL){
        return FALSE;
    }else{
    //如果找到了，变更前节点指向
        *ptr = (*ptr) -> next;
    //释放节点内存
        free(*ptr);
　　　　　return FALSE;
    }
}

int main()
{
    Linklist third = {NULL, 3};
    Linklist second = {&third, 2};
    Linklist first = {&second, 1};
    Linklist *headPtr = &first;

    Linklist *head = headPtr;
    while (head != NULL){
        printf("%d	", head -> value);
        head = head -> next;
    }
    printf("
");

    sll_delete(&headPtr, &second);
    head = headPtr;
    while (head != NULL){
        printf("%d	", head -> value);
        head = head -> next;
    }
    printf("
");

    sll_delete(&headPtr, &first);
    head = headPtr;
    while (head != NULL){
        printf("%d	", head -> value);
        head = head -> next;
    }
    printf("
");

    sll_delete(&headPtr, &third);
    head = headPtr;
    while (head != NULL){
        printf("%d	", head -> value);
        head = head -> next;
    }
    return 0;
}

　　

运行：

 12.6 双链表中移除节点，第一个参数为指向链表头部的指针，

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0

typedef struct Node {
    struct Node *next;
    int value;
} Linklist;

//从first指向的链表中删除节点node
int sll_delete(Linklist *first, Linklist *node)
{
    Linklist *pre = NULL;
    Linklist *cur = first;

    while(cur != NULL && cur != node){
        pre = cur;
        cur = cur -> next;
    }

    //如果没有找到
    if(cur == NULL){
        return FALSE;
    }else if(cur == first){
        //此时first是传值传入，只可以修改头指针指向的值，修改为第二个节点
        *first = *(cur -> next);
        free(node);
        return TRUE;
    }else{
        pre -> next = cur -> next;
        free(node);
        return TRUE;
    }
}

int main()
{
    Linklist third = {NULL, 3};
    Linklist second = {&third, 2};
    Linklist first = {&second, 1};
    Linklist *headPtr = &first;

    Linklist *head = headPtr;
    while (head != NULL){
        printf("%d	", head -> value);
        head = head -> next;
    }
    printf("
");

    sll_delete(headPtr, &second);
    head = headPtr;
    while (head != NULL){
        printf("%d	", head -> value);
        head = head -> next;
    }
    printf("
");

    sll_delete(headPtr, &first);
    while (headPtr != NULL){
        printf("%d	", headPtr -> value);
        headPtr = headPtr -> next;
    }
    printf("
");

    sll_delete(headPtr, &third);
    head = headPtr;
    while (head != NULL){
        printf("%d	", head -> value);
        head = head -> next;
    }
    printf("
");
    return 0;
}

运行：

12.7 建立单词索引表

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define TRUE  1
#define FALSE 0
#define  EXIST 1
#define  NOEXIST 0
typedef struct Wordlist {
    struct Wordlist *nextWord;
    char *word;
} wordlist;

typedef struct Alphalist {
    struct Alphalist *nextAlpha;
    //单个单词链表的指针
    wordlist * wlPtr;
    char alpha;
} alphalist;

int isExist(wordlist *listPtr, char *string)
{
    wordlist *current = listPtr;

    while(current != NULL){
        if(strcmp(string, current -> word) == 0){
            return EXIST;
        }
        current = current -> nextWord;
    }

    return NOEXIST;
}

int wordInsert(wordlist **listPtr, char *string)
{
    wordlist **current = listPtr;
    wordlist *new;
    char *temp;

    while(*current != NULL){
        //按字符排序进行插入
        if(strcmp(string, (*current) -> word) < 0){
            //生成new节点，插入到current之前,current为指向nextWord字段的指针
            new = (wordlist *)malloc(sizeof(wordlist));
            temp = (char *)malloc(strlen(string));
            if(temp == NULL){
                return  FALSE;
            }
            strcpy(temp, string);
            new -> word = temp;
            //new指向 *current
            new -> nextWord = *current;
            //更新 *current为当前插入点
            *current = new;
            return TRUE;
        }
        //循环到下一点
        current = &(*current) -> nextWord;
    }
    //循环玩整个列表后，还未找到，则末尾追加上
    temp = (char *)malloc(strlen(string));
    if(temp == NULL){
        return  FALSE;
    }
    strcpy(temp, string);
    new = (wordlist *)malloc(sizeof(wordlist));
    new -> word = temp;
    new -> nextWord = NULL;
    *current = new;

    return TRUE;
}

int WordAlphaListInsert(alphalist *ptr, char *string)
{
    char headCh = string[0];
    alphalist *current = ptr;
    wordlist *wl;
    wordlist **rootPtr;
    char *temp;

    //通过首字符查找wordlist
    while (current -> alpha != headCh){
        current = current -> nextAlpha;
    }

    //已经存在
    if(isExist(current -> wlPtr, string) == EXIST){
        return FALSE;
    }else{
        //如果wordlist为NULL空，则创建初始单词链表
        if(current -> wlPtr == NULL){
            wl = (wordlist *)malloc(sizeof(wordlist));
            //第一个节点，nextword为NULL
            wl -> nextWord = NULL;
            //申请内存拷贝字符串
            temp = (char *)malloc(strlen(string));
            if(temp == NULL){
                return FALSE;
            }
            strcpy(temp, string);
            wl ->word = temp;
            current -> wlPtr = wl;
        }else{
        //如果有单词表，则插入单词
            rootPtr = &(current -> wlPtr);
            wordInsert(rootPtr, string);
        }
        return TRUE;
    }
}

//打印链表内容
void printList(alphalist *list)
{
    alphalist *currentAl = list;
    wordlist  *currentWl;
    while (currentAl != NULL){
        printf("%c:
", currentAl -> alpha);
        currentWl = currentAl -> wlPtr;
        while (currentWl != NULL){
            printf("%s 	", currentWl -> word);
            currentWl = currentWl -> nextWord;
        }
        printf("
-----------------------
");
        currentAl = currentAl -> nextAlpha;
    }
}

int main()
{
    char z;
    alphalist *pre = NULL;
    alphalist *current;

    //创建字母和单词列表
    for(z = 122; z > 96; z--){
        current = (alphalist *)malloc(sizeof(alphalist));
        current -> alpha = z;
        current -> wlPtr = NULL;
        current -> nextAlpha = pre;
        pre = current;
    }
    //插入单词
    WordAlphaListInsert(current, "yang");
    WordAlphaListInsert(current, "xun");
    WordAlphaListInsert(current, "xan");
    WordAlphaListInsert(current, "xzn");
    WordAlphaListInsert(current, "wu");
    WordAlphaListInsert(current, "ya");
    WordAlphaListInsert(current, "yz");
    printList(current);

    return 0;
}

运行：