GenericAPIView基类
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# GenericAPIView是继承APIView的，使用完全兼容APIView# 重点：GenericAPIView在APIView基础上完成了哪些事# 1）get_queryset()：从类属性queryset中获得model的queryset数据# 2）get_object()：从类属性queryset中获得model的queryset数据，再通过有名分组pk确定唯一操作对象# 3）get_serializer()：从类属性serializer_class中获得serializer的序列化类urlpatterns = [ url(r'^v2/books/$', views.BookGenericAPIView.as_view()), url(r'^v2/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookGenericAPIView.as_view()),]from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIViewclass BookGenericAPIView(GenericAPIView): queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False) serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer # 自定义主键的 有名分组 名 lookup_field = 'pk' # 群取 # def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # book_query = self.get_queryset() # book_ser = self.get_serializer(book_query, many=True) # book_data = book_ser.data # return APIResponse(results=book_data) # 单取 def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): book_query = self.get_object() book_ser = self.get_serializer(book_query) book_data = book_ser.data return APIResponse(results=book_data) |
mixins视图工具集 - 辅助GenericAPIView
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# 1）mixins有五个工具类文件，一共提供了五个工具类，六个工具方法：单查、群查、单增、单删、单整体改、单局部改# 2）继承工具类可以简化请求函数的实现体，但是必须继承GenericAPIView，需要GenericAPIView类提供的几个类属性和方法(见上方GenericAPIView基类知识点)# 3）工具类的工具方法返回值都是Response类型对象，如果要格式化数据格式再返回给前台，可以通过 response.data 拿到工具方法返回的Response类型对象的响应数据urlpatterns = [ url(r'^v3/books/$', views.BookMixinGenericAPIView.as_view()), url(r'^v3/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookMixinGenericAPIView.as_view()),]from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixinclass BookMixinGenericAPIView(ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, GenericAPIView): queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False) serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): if 'pk' in kwargs: response = self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs) else: # mixins提供的list方法的响应对象是Response，想将该对象格式化为APIResponse response = self.list(request, *args, **kwargs) # response的数据都存放在response.data中 return APIResponse(results=response.data) def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): response = self.create(request, *args, **kwargs) return APIResponse(results=response.data) def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): response = self.update(request, *args, **kwargs) return APIResponse(results=response.data) def patch(self, request, *args, **kwargs): response = self.partial_update(request, *args, **kwargs) return APIResponse(results=response.data) |
工具视图
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# 1）工具视图都是GenericAPIView的子类，且不同的子类继承了不听的工具类，重写了请求方法# 2）工具视图的功能如果直接可以满足需求，只需要继承工具视图，提供queryset与serializer_class即可urlpatterns = [ url(r'^v4/books/$', views.BookListCreatePIView.as_view()), url(r'^v4/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookListCreatePIView.as_view()),]from rest_framework.generics import ListCreateAPIView, UpdateAPIViewclass BookListCreatePIView(ListCreateAPIView, UpdateAPIView): queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False) serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer |
视图集
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# 1）视图集都是优先继承ViewSetMixin类，再继承一个视图类（GenericAPIView或APIView）# GenericViewSet、ViewSet# 2）ViewSetMixin提供了重写的as_view()方法，继承视图集的视图类，配置路由时调用as_view()必须传入 请求名-函数名 映射关系字典# eg: url(r'^v5/books/$', views.BookGenericViewSet.as_view({'get': 'my_get_list'})),# 表示get请求会交给my_get_list视图函数处理urlpatterns = [ # View的as_view()：将get请求映射到视图类的get方法 # ViewSet的as_view({'get': 'my_get_list'})：将get请求映射到视图类的my_get_list方法 url(r'^v5/books/$', views.BookGenericViewSet.as_view({'get': 'my_get_list'})), url(r'^v5/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookGenericViewSet.as_view({'get': 'my_get_obj'})),]from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSetfrom rest_framework import mixinsclass BookGenericViewSet(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.ListModelMixin, GenericViewSet): queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False) serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer def my_get_list(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs) def my_get_obj(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs) |
GenericAPIView 与 APIView 最为两大继承视图的区别
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# 1）GenericViewSet和ViewSet都继承了ViewSetMixin，as_view都可以配置 请求-函数 映射# 2）GenericViewSet继承的是GenericAPIView视图类，用来完成标准的 model 类操作接口# 3）ViewSet继承的是APIView视图类，用来完成不需要 model 类参与，或是非标准的 model 类操作接口# post请求在标准的 model 类操作下就是新增接口，登陆的post不满足# post请求验证码的接口，不需要 model 类的参与# 案例：登陆的post请求，并不是完成数据的新增，只是用post提交数据，得到的结果也不是登陆的用户信息，而是登陆的认证信息 |
工具视图集
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urlpatterns = [ url(r'^v6/books/$', views.BookModelViewSet.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'})), url(r'^v6/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookModelViewSet.as_view({'get': 'retrieve', 'put': 'update', 'patch': 'partial_update', 'delete': 'destroy'})),]from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSetclass BookModelViewSet(ModelViewSet): queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False) serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer # 删不是数据库，而是该记录中的删除字段 def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs): instance = self.get_object() # type: models.Book if not instance: return APIResponse(1, '删除失败') # 实际操作，在此之前就做了判断 instance.is_delete = True instance.save() return APIResponse(0, '删除成功') |
路由组件（了解）
from django.conf.urls import include
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from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouterrouter = SimpleRouter()# 所有路由与ViewSet视图类的都可以注册，会产生 '^v6/books/$' 和 '^v6/books/(?P<pk>[^/.]+)/$'router.register('v6/books', views.BookModelViewSet)urlpatterns = [ # 第一种添加子列表方式 url(r'^', include(router.urls)),]# 第二种添加子列表方式# urlpatterns.extend(router.urls) |