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摘要
本文主要介绍park、unpark的功能以及hotspot实现原理,为下一篇介绍ReentrantLock做铺垫!
park、unpark
LockSupport类是Java6引入的一个类,提供了基本的线程同步原语。LockSupport实际上是调用了Unsafe类里的函数,归结到Unsafe里,两个函数但为上层提供了强大的同步原语。
public native void unpark(Thread jthread);
public native void park(boolean isAbsolute, long time);
// isAbsolute参数是指明时间是绝对的,还是相对的。
unpark函数为线程提供“许可(permit)”,线程调用park函数则等待“许可”。这个有点像信号量,但是这个“许可”是不能叠加的,“许可”是一次性的。
比如线程B连续调用了三次unpark函数,当线程A调用park函数就使用掉这个“许可”,如果线程A再次调用park,则进入等待状态。
看一下hotspot实现
在Parker类里的_counter字段,就是用来记录所谓的“许可”的。
位置:hotspot/src/share/vm/runtime/park.hpp
简化代码如下
class Parker : public os::PlatformParker {
private:
volatile int _counter ;
Parker * FreeNext ;
JavaThread * AssociatedWith ; // Current association
public:
Parker() : PlatformParker() {
_counter = 0 ;
FreeNext = NULL ;
AssociatedWith = NULL ;
}
public:
// For simplicity of interface with Java, all forms of park (indefinite,
// relative, and absolute) are multiplexed into one call.
void park(bool isAbsolute, jlong time);
void unpark();
};
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park
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简化代码如下:当调用park时,先尝试直接能否直接拿到“许可”,即_counter>0时,如果成功,则把_counter设置为0,并返回;
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如果不成功,则构造一个ThreadBlockInVM,然后检查_counter是不是>0,如果是,则把_counter设置为0,unlock mutex并返回;
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Java dos里提到,当下面三种情况下park函数会返回,在这段代码里也可以体现;
Some other thread invokes unpark with the current thread as the target; or
Some other thread interrupts the current thread; or
The call spuriously (that is, for no reason) returns.
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void Parker::park(bool isAbsolute, jlong time) {
if (Atomic::xchg(0, &_counter) > 0) return;
Thread* thread = Thread::current();
assert(thread->is_Java_thread(), "Must be JavaThread");
JavaThread *jt = (JavaThread *)thread;
if (Thread::is_interrupted(thread, false)) {
return;
}
// Next, demultiplex/decode time arguments
struct timespec absTime;
if (time < 0 || (isAbsolute && time == 0) ) { // don't wait at all
return;
}
if (time > 0) {
unpackTime(&absTime, isAbsolute, time);
}
...
if (Thread::is_interrupted(thread, false) || pthread_mutex_trylock(_mutex) != 0) {
return;
}
int status ;
if (_counter > 0) { // no wait needed
_counter = 0;
status = pthread_mutex_unlock(_mutex);
assert (status == 0, "invariant") ;
// Paranoia to ensure our locked and lock-free paths interact
// correctly with each other and Java-level accesses.
OrderAccess::fence();
return;
}
- unpark
unpark时,设置_counter为1;如果_counter = 1,unlock mutext返回。如果_counter=0,需要调用pthread_cond_signal唤醒在park中等待的线程:
void Parker::unpark() {
int s, status ;
status = pthread_mutex_lock(_mutex);
assert (status == 0, "invariant") ;
s = _counter;
_counter = 1;
if (s < 1) {
if (WorkAroundNPTLTimedWaitHang) {
status = pthread_cond_signal (_cond) ;
assert (status == 0, "invariant") ;
status = pthread_mutex_unlock(_mutex);
assert (status == 0, "invariant") ;
} else {
status = pthread_mutex_unlock(_mutex);
assert (status == 0, "invariant") ;
status = pthread_cond_signal (_cond) ;
assert (status == 0, "invariant") ;
}
} else {
pthread_mutex_unlock(_mutex);
assert (status == 0, "invariant") ;
}
}
自此park、unpark已经分析完毕;