• datetime时间处理


    基本数据获取:

    In [38]: import datetime as dt
    In [39]: on = dt.datetime.now()  #获取当前准确时间
    In [40]: on
    Out[40]: datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 17, 15, 5, 7, 30934)
    In [41]: print(on)
    2018-09-17 15:05:07.030934
    
    In [42]: to = dt.datetime.today()  #获取今天的时间,today与now功能类似,理论上说now更加精确
    In [43]: to
    Out[43]: datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 17, 15, 5, 42, 279086)
    In [44]: print(to)
    2018-09-17 15:05:42.279086
    In [45]: print(type(to))
    <class 'datetime.datetime'>
    
    In [46]: dt.datetime.today().weekday()  #拿到datetime对象,可以直接取里面的属性,
    Out[46]: 0  #这个月的第一周
    
    In [47]: d = dt.datetime(2018,7,30,16,10,50)  #直接构造一个datetime对象
    In [48]: d
    Out[48]: datetime.datetime(2018, 7, 30, 16, 10, 50)
    In [49]: print(d)
    2018-07-30 16:10:50
    In [50]: print(d.year)  #取各种属性信息
    2018
    In [51]: print(d.month)
    7
    In [52]: print(d.day)
    30
    In [53]: print(d.hour)
    16

    对于datetime这种对象来说,还可以将日期信息转化为序数表示,这样就可以直接比较大小了

    In [54]: o = d.toordinal()
    
    In [55]: o
    Out[55]: 736905

    但是如果想要将序数转化为具体的时间,那么可能会丢失一些信息。

    In [56]: dt.datetime.fromordinal(o)
    Out[56]: datetime.datetime(2018, 7, 30, 0, 0)
    
    In [57]: t = dt.datetime.time(d)
    
    In [58]: t
    Out[58]: datetime.time(16, 10, 50)
    
    In [59]: type(t)
    Out[59]: datetime.time

    datetime这个模块还能提取date信息:

    In [60]: dd = dt.datetime.date(d)
    
    In [61]: print(dd)
    2018-07-30
    In [62]: print(type(dd))
    <class 'datetime.date'>
    
    In [63]: d
    Out[63]: datetime.datetime(2018, 7, 30, 16, 10, 50)
    In [64]: d.replace(second=0, microsecond=0)
    Out[64]: datetime.datetime(2018, 7, 30, 16, 10)

    同样可以获取time信息:

    In [65]: t = dt.datetime.now()
    In [66]: t
    Out[66]: datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 17, 15, 10, 12, 122225)
    In [67]: t.time()  #获取时间信息
    Out[67]: datetime.time(15, 10, 12, 122225)
    #在time对象中,还可以求一个最大值或者最小值
    In [68]: d4_start = datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(), datetime.time.min)
    In [69]: d4_stop = datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(),datetime.time.max)
    In [70]: print(d4_start,d4_stop)
    2018-09-17 00:00:00 2018-09-17 23:59:59.999999

    timedelta:timedelta是另一类对象,在日期的数学运算中会经常使用。

    In [71]: td = dt.datetime.now() -d
    In [72]: td
    Out[72]: datetime.timedelta(48, 82845, 699889)
    
    #我们可以直接获得 In [
    73]: print(td.days) 48 In [74]: print(td.seconds) #两个时间之间差距的小时数 82845 In [75]: print(td.microseconds) 699889 In [76]: print(td.total_seconds()) 4230045.699889

    利用这种时差,我们可以预算出之后的时间

    In [77]: d3 = dt.date.today() + dt.timedelta(days=1)
    In [78]: print(d3)
    2018-09-18

    datetime对象与其他数据类型之间的转换

    In [79]: d
    Out[79]: datetime.datetime(2018, 7, 30, 16, 10, 50)

    转换成字符串:

    In [80]: sd =d.isoformat()
    
    In [81]: print(type(sd),sd)
    <class 'str'> 2018-07-30T16:10:50

    也可以转化成你想要的任何格式:

    In [82]: std = d.strftime("%A, %d. %B %Y %I:%M%p")
    
    In [83]: print(type(std),std)
    <class 'str'> Monday, 30. July 2018 04:10PM
    
    In [84]: dt.datetime.strptime('2017-03-31', '%Y-%m-%d')
    Out[84]: datetime.datetime(2017, 3, 31, 0, 0)
    
    In [85]: dt.datetime.strptime('30-4-16','%d-%m-%y')
    Out[85]: datetime.datetime(2016, 4, 30, 0, 0)

    当然也可以使用python内置的函数直接进行转换

    In [86]: ds = str(d)
    
    In [87]: ds
    Out[87]: '2018-07-30 16:10:50'

    utcnow:

    该函数给出了UTC形式的日期和时间的准确信息。

    通俗来说就是世界标准时间,过去称作格林威治标准时间,简称GMT。

    In [88]: dt.datetime.now()
    Out[88]: datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 17, 15, 15, 48, 249462)
    
    In [89]: dt.datetime.utcnow()
    Out[89]: datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 17, 7, 15, 56, 246227)
    
    In [90]: shicha = dt.datetime.now() - dt.datetime.utcnow()
    
    In [91]: shicha
    Out[91]: datetime.timedelta(0, 28800)
    
    In [92]: shicha.seconds
    Out[92]: 28800
    
    In [93]: shicha.seconds/60/60
    Out[93]: 8.0

    datetime与time之间时间格式转换:

    datetime转化为string:

    In [95]: d5 = datetime.datetime.now()
    
    In [96]: print(type(d5),d5)
    <class 'datetime.datetime'> 2018-09-17 15:17:23.449068
    
    In [97]: d5_s = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
    
    In [98]: print(type(d5_s),d5_s)
    <class 'str'> 2018-09-17 15:17:55

    string转化为datetime:

    In [99]: d6 = datetime.datetime.strptime('2018-4-10 10:20:30',"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
    
    In [100]: print(d6,type(d6))
    2018-04-10 10:20:30 <class 'datetime.datetime'>

    timetuple转化为datetime:

    In [101]: d7 = datetime.datetime.now().timetuple()
    
    In [102]: print(d7,type(d7))
    time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=9, tm_mday=17, tm_hour=15, tm_min=18, tm_sec=59, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=260, tm_isdst=-1) <class 'time.struct_time'>

    datetime转化为date:

    In [103]: d8 = datetime.datetime.now().date()
    
    In [104]: print(d8,type(d8))
    2018-09-17 <class 'datetime.date'>

    datetime转化为timestamp(时间戳):

    In [105]: import time
    
    In [106]: now = datetime.datetime.now()
    
    In [107]: timestamp = time.mktime(now.timetuple())
    
    In [108]: print(timestamp)
    1537168799.0

    timestamp转化为datetime:

    In [109]: d9 = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(time.time())
    
    In [110]: print(d9,type(d9))
    2018-09-17 15:20:24.252870 <class 'datetime.datetime'>
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yangmingxianshen/p/9663390.html
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