转载自:http://www.jianshu.com/p/082ef79c63c1
broadcast
官方文档描述:
- Broadcast a read-only variable to the cluster, returning a
- [[org.apache.spark.broadcast.Broadcast]] object for reading it in distributed functions.
- The variable will be sent to each cluster only once.
函数原型:
- def broadcast[T](value: T): Broadcast[T]
广播变量允许程序员将一个只读的变量缓存在每台机器上,而不用在任务之间传递变量。广播变量可被用于有效地给每个节点一个大输入数据集的副本。Spark还尝试使用高效地广播算法来分发变量,进而减少通信的开销。 Spark的动作通过一系列的步骤执行,这些步骤由分布式的洗牌操作分开。Spark自动地广播每个步骤每个任务需要的通用数据。这些广播数据被序列化地缓存,在运行任务之前被反序列化出来。这意味着当我们需要在多个阶段的任务之间使用相同的数据,或者以反序列化形式缓存数据是十分重要的时候,显式地创建广播变量才有用。
源码分析:
- def broadcast[T: ClassTag](value: T): Broadcast[T] = {
- assertNotStopped()
- if (classOf[RDD[_]].isAssignableFrom(classTag[T].runtimeClass)) {
- // This is a warning instead of an exception in order to avoid breaking user programs that
- // might have created RDD broadcast variables but not used them:
- logWarning("Can not directly broadcast RDDs; instead, call collect() and "
- + "broadcast the result (see SPARK-5063)")
- }
- val bc = env.broadcastManager.newBroadcast[T](value, isLocal)
- val callSite = getCallSite
- logInfo("Created broadcast " + bc.id + " from " + callSite.shortForm)
- cleaner.foreach(_.registerBroadcastForCleanup(bc))
- bc
- }
实例:
- List<Integer> data = Arrays.asList(5, 1, 1, 4, 4, 2, 2);
- JavaRDD<Integer> javaRDD = javaSparkContext.parallelize(data,5);
- final Broadcast<List<Integer>> broadcast = javaSparkContext.broadcast(data);
- JavaRDD<Integer> result = javaRDD.map(new Function<Integer, Integer>() {
- List<Integer> iList = broadcast.value();
- @Override
- public Integer call(Integer v1) throws Exception {
- Integer isum = 0;
- for(Integer i : iList)
- isum += i;
- return v1 + isum;
- }
- });
- System.out.println(result.collect());
accumulator
官方文档描述:
- Create an [[org.apache.spark.Accumulator]] variable of a given type, which tasks can "add"
- values to using the `add` method. Only the master can access the accumulator's `value`.
函数原型:
- def accumulator[T](initialValue: T, accumulatorParam: AccumulatorParam[T]): Accumulator[T]
- def accumulator[T](initialValue: T, name: String, accumulatorParam: AccumulatorParam[T])
- : Accumulator[T]
累加器是仅仅被相关操作累加的变量,因此可以在并行中被有效地支持。它可以被用来实现计数器和sum。Spark原生地只支持数字类型的累加器,开发者可以添加新类型的支持。如果创建累加器时指定了名字,可以在Spark的UI界面看到。这有利于理解每个执行阶段的进程(对于Python还不支持) 。
累加器通过对一个初始化了的变量v调用SparkContext.accumulator(v)来创建。在集群上运行的任务可以通过add或者”+=”方法在累加器上进行累加操作。但是,它们不能读取它的值。只有驱动程序能够读取它的值,通过累加器的value方法。
源码分析:
- def accumulator[T](initialValue: T, name: String)(implicit param: AccumulatorParam[T])
- : Accumulator[T] = {
- val acc = new Accumulator(initialValue, param, Some(name))
- cleaner.foreach(_.registerAccumulatorForCleanup(acc))
- acc
- }
实例:
- class VectorAccumulatorParam implements AccumulatorParam<Vector> {
- @Override
- //合并两个累加器的值。
- //参数r1是一个累加数据集合
- //参数r2是另一个累加数据集合
- public Vector addInPlace(Vector r1, Vector r2) {
- r1.addAll(r2);
- return r1;
- }
- @Override
- //初始值
- public Vector zero(Vector initialValue) {
- return initialValue;
- }
- @Override
- //添加额外的数据到累加值中
- //参数t1是当前累加器的值
- //参数t2是被添加到累加器的值
- public Vector addAccumulator(Vector t1, Vector t2) {
- t1.addAll(t2);
- return t1;
- }
- }
- List<Integer> data = Arrays.asList(5, 1, 1, 4, 4, 2, 2);
- JavaRDD<Integer> javaRDD = javaSparkContext.parallelize(data,5);
- final Accumulator<Integer> accumulator = javaSparkContext.accumulator(0);
- Vector initialValue = new Vector();
- for(int i=6;i<9;i++)
- initialValue.add(i);
- //自定义累加器
- final Accumulator accumulator1 = javaSparkContext.accumulator(initialValue,new VectorAccumulatorParam());
- JavaRDD<Integer> result = javaRDD.map(new Function<Integer, Integer>() {
- @Override
- public Integer call(Integer v1) throws Exception {
- accumulator.add(1);
- Vector term = new Vector();
- term.add(v1);
- accumulator1.add(term);
- return v1;
- }
- });
- System.out.println(result.collect());
- System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~" + accumulator.value());
- System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~" + accumulator1.value());