- 什么是JSON?
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data-interchange format. It is easy for humans to read and write and easy for machines to parse and generate. JSON is a text format that is completely language independent.
翻译:Json【javascript对象表示方法】,它是一个轻量级的数据交换格式,我们可以很简单的来读取和写它,并且它很容易被计算机转化和生成,它是完全独立于语言的。
Json支持下面两种数据结构:
- 键值对的集合--各种不同的编程语言,都支持这种数据结构;
- 有序的列表类型值的集合--这其中包含数组,集合,矢量,或者序列,等等。
Json有下面几种表现形式
1.对象
一个没有顺序的“键/值”,一个对象以花括号“{”开始,并以花括号"}"结束,在每一个“键”的后面,有一个冒号,并且使用逗号来分隔多个键值对。例如:
var user = {"name":"Manas","gender":"Male","birthday":"1987-8-8"}
2.数组
设置值的顺序,一个数组以中括号"["开始,并以中括号"]"结束,并且所有的值使用逗号分隔,例如:
var userlist = [{"user":{"name":"Manas","gender":"Male","birthday":"1987-8-8"}},
{"user":{"name":"Mohapatra","Male":"Female","birthday":"1987-7-7"}}]
3.字符串
任意数量的Unicode字符,使用引号做标记,并使用反斜杠来分隔。例如:
var userlist = "{"ID":1,"Name":"Manas","Address":"India"}"
好了,介绍完JSON,现在说正题,我们事先序列化和反序列化有三种方式:
1.使用JavaScriptSerializer类
2.使用DataContractJsonSerializer类
3.使用JSON.NET类库
我们先来看看使用 DataContractJsonSerializer的情况
DataContractJsonSerializer类帮助我们序列化和反序列化Json,他在程序集 System.Runtime.Serialization.dll下的System.Runtime.Serialization.Json命名空间里。
首先,这里,我新建一个控制台的程序,新建一个类Student
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Runtime.Serialization; namespace JsonSerializerAndDeSerializer { [DataContract] public class Student { [DataMember] public int ID { get; set; } [DataMember] public string Name { get; set; } [DataMember] public int Age { get; set; } [DataMember] public string Sex { get; set; } } }
注意:上面的Student实体中的契约 [DataMember],[DataContract],是使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化和反序列化必须要加的,对于其他两种方式不必加,也可以的。
我们程序的代码:
要先引用程序集,在引入这个命名空间
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- //使用DataContractJsonSerializer方式需要引入的命名空间,在System.Runtime.Serialization.dll.中 using System.Runtime.Serialization.Json; //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#region 1.DataContractJsonSerializer方式序列化和反序列化 Student stu = new Student() { ID = 1, Name = "曹操", Sex = "男", Age = 1000 }; //序列化 DataContractJsonSerializer js = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(Student)); MemoryStream msObj = new MemoryStream(); //将序列化之后的Json格式数据写入流中 js.WriteObject(msObj, stu); msObj.Position = 0; //从0这个位置开始读取流中的数据 StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(msObj, Encoding.UTF8); string json = sr.ReadToEnd(); sr.Close(); msObj.Close(); Console.WriteLine(json); //反序列化 string toDes = json; //string to = "{"ID":"1","Name":"曹操","Sex":"男","Age":"1230"}"; using (var ms = new MemoryStream(Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(toDes))) { DataContractJsonSerializer deseralizer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(Student)); Student model = (Student)deseralizer.ReadObject(ms);// //反序列化ReadObject Console.WriteLine("ID=" + model.ID); Console.WriteLine("Name=" + model.Name); Console.WriteLine("Age=" + model.Age); Console.WriteLine("Sex=" + model.Sex); } Console.ReadKey(); #endregion
运行之后结果是:
再看看使用JavaScriptJsonSerializer的情况:
JavaScriptSerializer is a class which helps to serialize and deserialize JSON. It is present in namespace System.Web.Script.Serialization which is available in assembly System.Web.Extensions.dll. To serialize a .Net object to JSON string use Serialize method. It's possible to deserialize JSON string to .Net object using Deserialize<T> or DeserializeObject methods. Let's see how to implement serialization and deserialization using JavaScriptSerializer.
这里要先引用
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- //使用JavaScriptSerializer方式需要引入的命名空间,这个在程序集System.Web.Extensions.dll.中 using System.Web.Script.Serialization; //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#region 2.JavaScriptSerializer方式实现序列化和反序列化 Student stu = new Student() { ID = 1, Name = "关羽", Age = 2000, Sex = "男" }; JavaScriptSerializer js = new JavaScriptSerializer(); string jsonData = js.Serialize(stu);//序列化 Console.WriteLine(jsonData); ////反序列化方式一: string desJson = jsonData; //Student model = js.Deserialize<Student>(desJson);// //反序列化 //string message = string.Format("ID={0},Name={1},Age={2},Sex={3}", model.ID, model.Name, model.Age, model.Sex); //Console.WriteLine(message); //Console.ReadKey(); ////反序列化方式2 dynamic modelDy = js.Deserialize<dynamic>(desJson); //反序列化 string messageDy = string.Format("动态的反序列化,ID={0},Name={1},Age={2},Sex={3}", modelDy["ID"], modelDy["Name"], modelDy["Age"], modelDy["Sex"]);//这里要使用索引取值,不能使用对象.属性 Console.WriteLine(messageDy); Console.ReadKey(); #endregion
结果是:
最后看看使用JSON.NET的情况,引入类库:
下面的英文,看不懂可略过。。。
- Flexible JSON serializer for converting between .NET objects and JSON.
- LINQ to JSON for manually reading and writing JSON.
- High performance, faster than .NET's built-in【内嵌】 JSON serializers.
- Easy to read JSON.
- Convert JSON to and from XML.
- Supports .NET 2, .NET 3.5, .NET 4, Silverlight and Windows Phone.
//使用Json.NET类库需要引入的命名空间 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- using Newtonsoft.Json; //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
#region 3.Json.NET序列化 List<Student> lstStuModel = new List<Student>() { new Student(){ID=1,Name="张飞",Age=250,Sex="男"}, new Student(){ID=2,Name="潘金莲",Age=300,Sex="女"} }; //Json.NET序列化 string jsonData = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(lstStuModel); Console.WriteLine(jsonData); Console.ReadKey(); //Json.NET反序列化 string json = @"{ 'Name':'C#','Age':'3000','ID':'1','Sex':'女'}"; Student descJsonStu = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Student>(json);//反序列化 Console.WriteLine(string.Format("反序列化: ID={0},Name={1},Sex={2},Sex={3}", descJsonStu.ID, descJsonStu.Name, descJsonStu.Age, descJsonStu.Sex)); Console.ReadKey(); #endregion
运行之后,结果是:
总结:最后还是尽量使用JSON.NET来序列化和反序列化,性能好。
In this article we discussed about how many ways we can implement serialization/deserialization in C#. However JSON.NET wins over other implementations because it facilitates more functionality of JSON validation, JSON schema, LINQ to JSON etc. So use JSON.NET always.