• 7.Netty中 handler 的执行顺序


    1.Netty中handler的执行顺序 

      Handler在Netty中,无疑占据着非常重要的地位。Handler与Servlet中的filter很像,通过Handler可以完成通讯报文的解码编码、拦截指定的报文、

    统一对日志错误进行处理、统一对请求进行计数、控制Handler执行与否。一句话,没有它做不到的只有你想不到的

      Netty中的所有handler都实现自ChannelHandler接口。按照输入输出来分,分为ChannelInboundHandler、ChannelOutboundHandler两大类

    ChannelInboundHandler对从客户端发往服务器的报文进行处理,一般用来执行解码、读取客户端数据、进行业务处理等;ChannelOutboundHandler

    对从服务器发往客户端的报文进行处理,一般用来进行编码、发送报文到客户端

      Netty中可以注册多个handler。ChannelInboundHandler按照注册的先后顺序执行;ChannelOutboundHandler按照注册的先后顺序逆序执行

    如下图所示,按照注册的先后顺序对Handler进行排序,request进入Netty后的执行顺序为:

    2.Netty中handler执行顺序代码示例:

    客户端代码同上

    服务端代码及业务逻辑类:

    import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
    import io.netty.channel.Channel;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
    import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
    import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
    import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;/**
     * • 配置服务器功能,如线程、端口 • 实现服务器处理程序,它包含业务逻辑,决定当有一个请求连接或接收数据时该做什么
     */
    public class EchoServer {
        private final int port;
        public EchoServer(int port) {
            this.port = port;
        }
    
        public void start() throws Exception {
            EventLoopGroup eventLoopGroup = null;
            try {
                //server端引导类
                ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
                //连接池处理数据
                eventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
                serverBootstrap.group(eventLoopGroup)
                .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)//指定通道类型为NioServerSocketChannel,一种异步模式,OIO阻塞模式为OioServerSocketChannel
                .localAddress("localhost",port)//设置InetSocketAddress让服务器监听某个端口已等待客户端连接。
                .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {//设置childHandler执行所有的连接请求
                    @Override
                    protected void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception {
                        // 注册两个InboundHandler,执行顺序为注册顺序,所以应该是InboundHandler1 InboundHandler2
                        ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoOutHandler1());
                        ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoOutHandler2()); 
                        // 注册两个OutboundHandler,执行顺序为注册顺序的逆序,所以应该是OutboundHandler2 OutboundHandler1
                        ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoInHandler1());
                        ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoInHandler2());
                    }
                        });
                // 最后绑定服务器等待直到绑定完成,调用sync()方法会阻塞直到服务器完成绑定,然后服务器等待通道关闭,因为使用sync(),所以关闭操作也会被阻塞。
                ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind().sync();
                System.out.println("开始监听,端口为:" + channelFuture.channel().localAddress());
                channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
            } finally {
                eventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync();
            }
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
            new EchoServer(20000).start();
        }
    }

    业务类EchoInHandler1

    import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
    import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
    
    import java.util.Date;
    
    import cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.bean.Person;
    
    public class EchoInHandler1 extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
    
        @Override
        public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
                throws Exception {
            System.out.println("in1");
             // 通知执行下一个InboundHandler
            ctx.fireChannelRead(msg);//ChannelInboundHandler之间的传递,通过调用 ctx.fireChannelRead(msg) 实现
        }
    
        @Override
        public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
            ctx.flush();//刷新后才将数据发出到SocketChannel
        }
    
        @Override
        public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)
                throws Exception {
            cause.printStackTrace();
            ctx.close();
        }
    }

    业务类 EchoInHandler2:

    import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
    import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
    import java.util.Date;
    
    public class EchoInHandler2 extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
    
        @Override
        public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("in2");
            ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
            byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
            buf.readBytes(req);
            String body = new String(req, "UTF-8");
            System.out.println("接收客户端数据:" + body);
            //向客户端写数据
            System.out.println("server向client发送数据");
            String currentTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()).toString();
            ByteBuf resp = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(currentTime.getBytes());
            ctx.write(resp); //ctx.write(msg) 将传递到 ChannelOutboundHandler
        }
    
        @Override
        public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
            ctx.flush();//刷新后才将数据发出到SocketChannel
        }
    
        @Override
        public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)
                throws Exception {
            cause.printStackTrace();
            ctx.close();
        }
    }

    业务逻辑类 EchoOutHandler2

    import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelPromise;
    
    public class EchoOutHandler2 extends ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter {
    
         @Override
            public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception {
                System.out.println("out2");
                // 执行下一个OutboundHandler
                super.write(ctx, msg, promise);
            }
    }

    业务逻辑类 EchoOutHandler1:

    import java.util.Date;
    import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
    import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelPromise;
    
    public class EchoOutHandler1 extends ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter {
        @Override
        // 向client发送消息
        public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("out1");
            String currentTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()).toString();
            ByteBuf resp = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(currentTime.getBytes());
            ctx.write(resp);
            ctx.flush(); //ctx.write()方法执行后,需要调用flush()方法才能令它立即执行
           }
    }

    运行结果:

    开始监听,端口为:/127.0.0.1:20000
    in1
    in2
    接收客户端数据:QUERY TIME ORDER
    server向client发送数据
    out2
    out1

    总结: 

    在使用Handler的过程中,需要注意:

      1、ChannelInboundHandler之间的传递,通过调用 ctx.fireChannelRead(msg) 实现;调用ctx.write(msg) 将传递到ChannelOutboundHandler

      2、ctx.write()方法执行后,需要调用flush()方法才能令它立即执行。

      3、ChannelOutboundHandler 在注册的时候需要放在最后一个ChannelInboundHandler之前,否则将无法传递到ChannelOutboundHandler

       (流水线pipeline中outhander不能放到最后,否则不生效)

      4、Handler的消费处理放在最后一个处理。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yaboya/p/9176703.html
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