XPath可以快速定位到Xml中的节点或者属性。XPath语法很简单,但是强大够用,它也是使用xslt的基础知识。
示例Xml:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?> < pets > < cat color = "black" weight = "10" > < price >100</ price > < desc >this is a black cat</ desc > </ cat > < cat color = "white" weight = "9" > < price >80</ price > < desc >this is a white cat</ desc > </ cat > < cat color = "yellow" weight = "15" > < price >80</ price > < desc >this is a yellow cat</ desc > </ cat > < dog color = "black" weight = "10" > < price >100</ price > < desc >this is a black dog</ desc > </ dog > < dog color = "white" weight = "9" > < price >80</ price > < desc >this is a white dog</ desc > </ dog > < dog color = "yellow" weight = "15" > < price >80</ price > < desc >this is a yellow dog</ desc > </ dog > </ pets > |
XPath的语法:
1. XPath中的符号
符号 |
说明 |
示例 |
示例说明 |
/ |
表示从根节点开始选择 |
/pets |
选择根节点pets |
表示节点和子节点之间的间隔符 |
/pets/dog |
选择pets节点下的dog节点 |
|
//xx |
表示从整个xml文档中查找,而不考虑当前节点位置 |
//price |
选择文档中所有的price节点 |
. |
单个英文半角句点表示选择当前节点 |
/pets/. |
选择pets节点 |
.. |
双点,表示选择父节点 |
/pets/dog[0]/.. |
表示pets节点,也就是第一个dog节点的父节点 |
@xx |
表示选择属性 |
//dog/@color |
表示选择所有dog节点的color属性集合 |
[…] |
中括号表示选择条件,括号内为条件 |
//dog[@color=’white’] |
所有color为white的dog节点 |
//dog[/price<100] |
所有price字节点值小于100的dog节点 |
||
中括号内数字为节点索引,类似c#等语言中的数组,数组下标是从1开始的 |
//dog[1] |
第1个dog节点 |
|
//dog[last()] |
最后一个dog节点,last()是xPath内置函数 |
||
| |
单竖杠表示合并节点结合 |
//dog[@color=’white’] | //cat[@color=’white’] |
color属性为white的dog节点和color属性为white的cat节点 |
* |
星号表示任何名字的节点或者属性 |
//dog/* |
表示dog节点的所有子节点 |
//dog/@* |
表示dog节点的所有属性节点 |
关键字 |
说明 |
示例 |
示例说明 |
ancestor |
当前节点的父祖节点 |
ancestor::pig |
当前节点的祖先节点中的pig节点 |
ancestor-or-self |
当前节点以及其父祖节点 |
ancestor::pig |
|
attribute |
当前节点的所有属性 |
attribute::weight |
相当于@weight,attribute::和@是等价的 |
child |
当前节点的所有字节点 |
child::*[name()!=’price’] |
选择名字不是price的子节点 |
descendant |
子孙节点 |
descendant::*[@*] |
有属性的子孙节点 |
descendant-or-self |
子孙节点以及当前节点 |
descendant-or-self::* |
|
following |
Xml文档中当前节点之后的所有节点 |
following::* |
|
following-sibling |
当前节点的同父弟弟节点 |
following-sibling:: |
|
preceding |
Xml文档中当前节点之前的所有节点 |
preceding::* |
|
namespace |
选取当前节点的所有命名空间节点 |
namespace::* |
|
parent |
当前节点的父节点 |
parent:: |
相当于双点.. |
preceding-sibling |
当前节点之后的同父兄节点 |
preceding-sibling::* |
|
self |
当前节点 |
self::* |
相当于单点. |
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using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Xml.XPath; using System.Xml; namespace UseXPathDotNet { class Program { static void Main( string [] args) { UseXPathWithXPathDocument(); UseXPathWithXmlDocument(); Console.Read(); } static void UseXPathWithXmlDocument() { XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument(); //使用xPath选择需要的节点 XmlNodeList nodes = doc.SelectNodes( "/rss/channel/item[position()<=10]" ); foreach (XmlNode item in nodes) { string title = item.SelectSingleNode( "title" ).InnerText; string url = item.SelectSingleNode( "link" ).InnerText; Console.WriteLine( "{0} = {1}" , title, url); } } static void UseXPathWithXPathDocument() { XPathNavigator xPathNav = doc.CreateNavigator(); //使用xPath取rss中最新的10条随笔 XPathNodeIterator nodeIterator = xPathNav.Select( "/rss/channel/item[position()<=10]" ); while (nodeIterator.MoveNext()) { XPathNavigator itemNav = nodeIterator.Current; string title = itemNav.SelectSingleNode( "title" ).Value; string url = itemNav.SelectSingleNode( "link" ).Value; Console.WriteLine( "{0} = {1}" ,title,url); } } } } |
XPath使用示例,请看下面的代码注释
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using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.IO; using System.Xml; namespace UseXPath1 { class Program { static void Main( string [] args) { string xml = @"<?xml version=""1.0"" encoding=""utf-8"" ?> <pets> <cat color=""black"" weight=""10"" count=""4""> <price>100</price> <desc>this is a black cat</desc> </cat> <cat color=""white"" weight=""9"" count=""5""> <price>80</price> <desc>this is a white cat</desc> </cat> <cat color=""yellow"" weight=""15"" count=""1""> <price>110</price> <desc>this is a yellow cat</desc> </cat> <dog color=""black"" weight=""10"" count=""7""> <price>114</price> <desc>this is a black dog</desc> </dog> <dog color=""white"" weight=""9"" count=""4""> <price>80</price> <desc>this is a white dog</desc> </dog> <dog color=""yellow"" weight=""15"" count=""15""> <price>80</price> <desc>this is a yellow dog</desc> </dog> <pig color=""white"" weight=""100"" count=""2""> <price>8000</price> <desc>this is a white pig</desc> </pig> </pets>" ; using (StringReader rdr = new StringReader(xml)) { XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument(); doc.Load(rdr); //取所有pets节点下的dog字节点 XmlNodeList nodeListAllDog = doc.SelectNodes( "/pets/dog" ); //所有的price节点 XmlNodeList allPriceNodes = doc.SelectNodes( "//price" ); //取最后一个price节点 XmlNode lastPriceNode = doc.SelectSingleNode( "//price[last()]" ); //用双点号取price节点的父节点 XmlNode lastPriceParentNode = lastPriceNode.SelectSingleNode( ".." ); //选择weight*count=40的所有动物,使用通配符* XmlNodeList nodeList = doc.SelectNodes( "/pets/*[@weight*@count=40]" ); //选择除了pig之外的所有动物,使用name()函数返回节点名字 XmlNodeList animalsExceptPigNodes = doc.SelectNodes( "/pets/*[name() != 'pig']" ); //选择价格大于100而不是pig的动物 XmlNodeList priceGreaterThan100s = doc.SelectNodes( "/pets/*[price div @weight >10 and name() != 'pig']" ); foreach (XmlNode item in priceGreaterThan100s) { Console.WriteLine(item.OuterXml); } //选择第二个dog节点 XmlNode theSecondDogNode = doc.SelectSingleNode( "//dog[position() = 2]" ); //使用xpath ,axes 的 parent 取父节点 XmlNode parentNode = theSecondDogNode.SelectSingleNode( "parent::*" ); //使用xPath选择第二个dog节点前面的所有dog节点 XmlNodeList dogPresibling = theSecondDogNode.SelectNodes( "preceding::dog" ); //取文档的所有子孙节点price XmlNodeList childrenNodes = doc.SelectNodes( "descendant::price" ); } Console.Read(); } } } |
XML--XPath查询 模糊查询
对XML文件像数据库那样模糊查询(使用XPath):
XML第一种存储方式 .xml
<users>
<user>
<username>huo</username>
<password>123</password>
<createtime>2008-06-17</createtime>
</user>
</users>
xPath查询如:
等值查询:
String xPath = "users/user[username='huo' and password='123']";
模糊查询:
String xPath = "users/user[contains(username,'huo') and contains(password,'123')]";
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
XML第二种存储方式 .xml
<users>
<user username="huo" password="123" createtime="2008-06-17" />
</users>
xPath查询如:加"@" 用以查询属性值
等值查询:
String xPath = "users/user[@username='huo' and @password='123']";
模糊查询:
String xPath = "users/user[contains(@username,'huo') and contains(@password,'123')]";