1.遇到的问题
今天写Python代码的时候遇到了一个大坑,差点就耽误我交作业了。。。
问题是这样的,我需要创建一个二维数组,如下:
m = n = 3
test = [[0] * m] * n
print("test =", test)
输出结果如下:
test = [[0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]]
是不是看起来没有一点问题?
一开始我也是这么觉得的,以为是我其他地方用错了什么函数,结果这么一试:
#Python学习交流群:778463939
m = n = 3
test = [[0] * m] * n
print("test =", test)
test[0][0] = 233
print("test =", test)
输出结果如下:
test = [[0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]]
test = [[233, 0, 0], [233, 0, 0], [233, 0, 0]]
是不是很惊讶?!
这个问题真的是折磨我一个中午,去网上一搜,官方文档中给出的说明是这样的:
Note also that the copies are shallow; nested structures are not copied. This often haunts new Python programmers; consider:
>>> lists = [[]] * 3
>>> lists
[[], [], []]
>>> lists[0].append(3)
>>> lists
[[3], [3], [3]]
What has happened is that [[]] is a one-element list containing an empty list, so all three elements of [[]] * 3 are (pointers to) this single empty list. Modifying any of the elements of lists modifies this single list. You can create a list of different lists this way:
>>>
>>> lists = [[] for i in range(3)]
>>> lists[0].append(3)
>>> lists[1].append(5)
>>> lists[2].append(7)
>>> lists
[[3], [5], [7]]
也就是说matrix = [array] * 3
操作中,只是创建3个指向array的引用,所以一旦array改变,matrix中3个list也会随之改变。
2.创建二维数组的办法
2.1 直接创建法
test = [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]]
简单粗暴,不过太麻烦,一般不用。
2.2 列表生成式法
test = [[0 for i in range(m)] for j in range(n)]
学会使用列表生成式,终生受益。
2.3 使用模块numpy创建
import numpy as np
test = np.zeros((m, n), dtype=np.int)