返回码
在开发web程序时，除了一些服务器错误等，常常需要自定义返回码，以便告诉用户处理请求的结果或者状态。bottle支持自定义的返回码，可以通过以下几种方式进行实现。
abort
在bottle中，如果需要设置返回错误码，可以简单的通过abort函数来设置。返回内容会是一个带有错误信息的页面。
@route('/abort', method='POST')
def do_abort():
data = request.body
data = data.read()
if data != 'abort':
abort(400, 'Your request is not abort.')
return 'abort test.'
试一下：
[root@localhost ~]# curl -g -i 127.0.0.1:9001/abort -X POST -d 'abort'
HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Server: PasteWSGIServer/0.5 Python/2.7.5
Date: Thu, 07 Apr 2016 03:25:52 GMT
Content-Length: 11
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
abort test.[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# curl -g -i 127.0.0.1:9001/abort -X POST -d 'test'
HTTP/1.0 400 Bad Request
Server: PasteWSGIServer/0.5 Python/2.7.5
Date: Thu, 07 Apr 2016 03:26:11 GMT
Content-Length: 731
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>Error: 400 Bad Request</title>
<style type="text/css">
html {background-color: #eee; font-family: sans;}
body {background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #ddd;
padding: 15px; margin: 15px;}
pre {background-color: #eee; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 5px;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Error: 400 Bad Request</h1>
<p>Sorry, the requested URL <tt>'http://127.0.0.1:9001/abort'</tt>
caused an error:</p>
<pre>Your request is not abort.</pre>
</body>
</html>
abort函数用起来比较方便，弊端是返回的是页面，比较难于获取具体的出错信息。
abort and error
error函数可以自定义某个error code的返回内容。可以使用abort函数触发该函数。
自定义的error函数的参数是一个HttpError的实例。可以通过error.body获取实例的相关信息。
@route('/code', method='POST')
def do_abort():
data = request.body
data = data.read()
if data != 'code':
abort(499, 'Your request is not code.')
return 'code test.'
@error(499)
def error499(error):
return error.body
试一下：
[root@localhost ~]# curl -g -i 127.0.0.1:9001/code -X POST -d 'test'
HTTP/1.0 499 Unknown
Server: PasteWSGIServer/0.5 Python/2.7.5
Date: Fri, 08 Apr 2016 02:36:04 GMT
Content-Length: 25
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Your request is not code.[root@localhost ~]#
HttpResponse
另外一种方式就是自己设定实例化一个HttpResponse进行返回。
@route('/httpresponse', method='POST')
def do_httpresponse():
data = request.body
data = data.read()
if data != 'httpresponse':
return HTTPResponse(body='Your request is not httpresponse.', status=400)
return 'httpresponse test.'
试一下：
[root@localhost ~]# curl -g -i 127.0.0.1:9001/httpresponse -X POST -d 'test'
HTTP/1.0 400 Bad Request
Server: PasteWSGIServer/0.5 Python/2.7.5
Date: Thu, 07 Apr 2016 03:30:17 GMT
Content-Length: 26
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Your request is not httpresponse.
这种方式比较灵活，而且返回的body同样支持字典的类型。bottle会将其自动转换为json。
@route('/httpresponse', method='POST')
def do_httpresponse():
data = request.body
data = data.read()
if data != 'httpresponse':
return HTTPResponse(body={'info':'Your request is not httpresponse.'}, status=400)
return 'httpresponse test.'
试一下：
[root@localhost ~]# curl -g -i 127.0.0.1:9001/httpresponse -X POST -d 'test'
HTTP/1.0 400 Bad Request
Server: PasteWSGIServer/0.5 Python/2.7.5
Date: Thu, 07 Apr 2016 03:34:55 GMT
Content-Length: 38
Content-Type: application/json
{"info": "Your request is not httpresponse."}
完整样例
import sys
from bottle import abort, run, route , request, HTTPResponse, error
@route('/abort', method='POST')
def do_abort():
data = request.body
data = data.read()
if data != 'abort':
abort(400, 'Your request is not abort.')
return 'abort test.'
@route('/httpresponse', method='POST')
def do_httpresponse():
data = request.body
data = data.read()
if data != 'httpresponse':
return HTTPResponse(body='Your request is not abort.', status=400)
# return HTTPResponse(body={'info':'Your request is not abort.'}, status=400)
return 'httpresponse test.'
@route('/code', method='POST')
def do_abort():
data = request.body
data = data.read()
if data != 'code':
abort(499, 'Your request is not code.')
return 'code test.'
@error(499)
def error499(error):
return error.body
def main():
run(server='paste', host='0.0.0.0', port=9001)
if __name__ == "__main__":
sys.exit(main())