• C语言string.h中常用字符函数介绍


    strcpy

    函数名: strcpy
    功 能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个
    用 法: char *strcpy(char *destin, char *source);
    程序例:
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <string.h>
    int main(void)
    {
    char string[10];
    char *str1 = "abcdefghi";
    strcpy(string, str1);
      
    printf("%s\n", string);
    return 0;
    }
    

      

    strncpy

    函数名:strncpy
    原型:char * strncpy(char *dest, char *src, size_t n);  
    功能:将字符串src中最多n个字符复制到字符数组dest中(它并不像strcpy一样遇到NULL才停止复制,而是等凑够n个字符才开始复制),返回指向dest的指针。
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <string.h>
    int main(void)
    {
    char string[10];
    char *str1 = "abcdefghi";
    strncpy(string, str1,3);
      
    printf("%s\n", string);
    return 0;
    }
    

      

    strcat

    函数名: strcat
    功 能: 字符串拼接函数
    用 法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source);
    程序例:
    #include <string.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    int main(void)
    {
    char destination[25];
    char *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland";
    strcpy(destination, Borland);
    strcat(destination, blank);
    strcat(destination, c);
    printf("%s\n", destination);
    return 0;
    }
    

      

    strchr

    函数名: strchr
    功 能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处\
    用 法: char *strchr(char *str, char c);
    程序例:
    #include <string.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    int main(void)
    {
    char string[15];
    char *ptr, c = 'r';
    strcpy(string, "This is a string");
    ptr = strchr(string, c);
    if (ptr)
    printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string);
    else
    printf("The character was not found\n");
    return 0;
    }
    

      

    strcmp

    函数名: strcmp
    功 能: 串比较
    用 法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);
    看Asic码,str1>str2,返回值 > 0;两串相等,返回0
    程序例:
    #include <string.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    int main(void)
    {
    char *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 = "ccc";
    int ptr;
    ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1);
    if (ptr > 0)
    printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
    else
    printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");
    ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3);
    if (ptr > 0)
    printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
    else
    printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n");
    return 0;
    }
    

      

    strnicmp

    函数名: strnicmp
    功 能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写
    用 法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
    程序例:
    #include <string.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    int main(void)
    {
    char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
    int ptr;
    ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1);
    if (ptr > 0)
    printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
    if (ptr < 0)
    printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");
    if (ptr == 0)
    printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n");
    return 0;
    }
    

      

    strlen

    函数名:strlen
    功能: strlen函数求的是字符串的长度,它求得方法是从字符串的首地址开始到遇到第一个'\0'停止计数,如果你只定义没有给它赋初值,这个结果是不定的,它会从字符串首地址一直记下去,直到遇到'\0'才会停止。
    原型: size_t strlen(const char *s);
    #include<stdio.h>
    #include <string.h>
    int main()
    { int i=0;
    char *he ="Hello,world";
    i=strlen(he);
    printf("字符串长度为%d\n",i);
    return 0;
    } //
    运行结果:
    字符串长度为11
    

      

    strcspn

    函数名: strcspn
    功 能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段
    用 法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2);
    程序例:
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <string.h>
    #include <alloc.h>
    int main(void)
    {
    char *string1 = "1234567890";
    char *string2 = "747DC8";
    int length;
    length = strcspn(string1, string2);
    printf("Character where strings intersect is at position %d\n", length);
    return 0;
    }
    

      

    strdup

    函数名: strdup
    功 能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处
    用 法: char *strdup(char *str);
    程序例:
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <string.h>
    #include <alloc.h>
    int main(void)
    {
    char *dup_str, *string = "abcde";
    dup_str = strdup(string);
    printf("%s\n", dup_str);
    free(dup_str);
    return 0;
    }
    

      

    stricmp

    函数名:stricmp
    功 能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串
    用 法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2);
    程序例:
    #include <string.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    int main(void)
    {
    char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
    int ptr;
    ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1);
    if (ptr > 0)
    printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
    if (ptr < 0)
    printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");
    if (ptr == 0)
    printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n");
    return 0;
    }
    

      

    strerror

    函数名: strerror
    功 能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针
    用 法: char *strerror(int errnum);
    程序例:
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <errno.h>
    int main(void)
    {
    char *buffer;
    buffer = strerror(errno);
    printf("Error: %s\n", buffer);
    return 0;
    }
    

      

    strcmpi

    函数名: strcmpi
    功 能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写
    用 法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
    程序例:
    #include <string.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    int main(void)
    {
    char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
    int ptr;
    ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1);
    if (ptr > 0)
    printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
    if (ptr < 0)
    printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");
    if (ptr == 0)
    printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n");
    return 0;
    }
    

      

    strnicmp

    函数名: strnicmp
    功 能: 不注重大小写地比较两个串
    用 法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
    程序例:
    #include <string.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    int main(void)
    {
    char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";
    int ptr;
    ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3);
    if (ptr > 0)
    printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
    if (ptr < 0)
    printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");
    if (ptr == 0)
    printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n");
    return 0;
    }
    

      

    strnset

    函数名: strnset
    功 能: 将一个字符串前n个字符都设为指定字符
    用 法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n);
    程序例:
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <string.h>
    int main(void)
    {
    char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
    char letter = 'x';
    printf("string before strnset: %s\n", string);
    strnset(string, letter, 13);
    printf("string after strnset: %s\n", string);
    return 0;
    }
    

      

    strpbrk

    函数名: strpbrk
    功 能: 在串中查找给定字符集中的字符
    用 法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2);
    程序例:
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <string.h>
    int main(void)
    {
    char *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
    char *string2 = "onm";
    char *ptr;
    ptr = strpbrk(string1, string2);
    if (ptr)
    printf("strpbrk found first character: %c\n", *ptr);
    else
    printf("strpbrk didn't find character in set\n");
    return 0;
    }
    

      

    strrchr

    函数名: strrchr
    功 能: 在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现
    用 法: char *strrchr(char *str, char c);
    程序例:
    #include <string.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    int main(void)
    {
    char string[15];
    char *ptr, c = 'r';
    strcpy(string, "This is a string");
    ptr = strrchr(string, c);
    if (ptr)
    printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string);
    else
    printf("The character was not found\n");
    return 0;
    }
    

      

    strrev

    函数名: strrev
    功 能: 串倒转
    用 法: char *strrev(char *str);
    程序例:
    #include <string.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    int main(void)
    {
    char *forward = "string";
    printf("Before strrev(): %s\n", forward);
    strrev(forward);
    printf("After strrev(): %s\n", forward);
    return 0;
    }
    

      

    strset

    函数名: strset
    功 能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
    用 法: char *strset(char *str, char c);
    程序例:
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <string.h>
    int main(void)
    {
    char string[10] = "123456789";
    char symbol = 'c';
    printf("Before strset(): %s\n", string);
    strset(string, symbol);
    printf("After strset(): %s\n", string);
    return 0;
    }
    

      

    strstr

    函数名: strstr
    功 能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现
    用 法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2);
    程序例:
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <string.h>
    int main(void)
    {
    char *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr;
    ptr = strstr(str1, str2);
    printf("The substring is: %s\n", ptr);
    return 0;
    }
    

      

    strtod

    函数名: strtod
    功 能: 将字符串转换为double型值
    用 法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr);
    程序例:
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    int main(void)
    {
    char input[80], *endptr;
    double value;
    printf("Enter a floating point number:");
    gets(input);
    value = strtod(input, &endptr);
    printf("The string is %s the number is %lf\n", input, value);
    return 0;
    }
    

      

    strtok

    函数名: strtok
    功 能: 查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词
    用 法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2);
    程序例:
    #include <string.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    int main(void)
    {
    char input[16] = "abc,d";
    char *p;
    /* strtok places a NULL terminator
    in front of the token, if found */
    p = strtok(input, ",");
    if (p) printf("%s\n", p);
    /* A second call to strtok using a NULL
    as the first parameter returns a pointer
    to the character following the token */
    p = strtok(NULL, ",");
    if (p) printf("%s\n", p);
    return 0;
    }
    

      

    strtol

    函数名: strtol
    功 能: 将串转换为长整数
    用 法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base);
    程序例:
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    int main(void)
    {
    char *string = "87654321", *endptr;
    long lnumber;
    /* strtol converts string to long integer */
    lnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10);
    printf("string = %s long = %ld\n", string, lnumber);
    return 0;
    }
    

      

    strupr

    函数名:strupr
    功 能: 将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母
    用 法: char *strupr(char *str);
    程序例:
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <string.h>
    int main(void)
    {
    char string[ ] = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr;//定义为数组才能修改
    /* converts string to upper case characters */
    ptr = strupr(string);
    printf("%s\n", ptr);
    return 0;
    }
    

      

    swab

    函数名: swab
    功 能: 交换字节
    用 法: void swab (char *from, char *to, int nbytes);
    程序例:
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <string.h>
    char source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d";
    char target[15];
    int main(void)
    {
    swab(source, target, strlen(source));
    printf("This is target: %s\n", target);
    return 0;
    }
    

      

       以上都是些C中字符串的常用函数,非常实用,此处记录,方便以后温故:)

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xuwenmin888/p/3057883.html
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