项目01-nginx模块
1、nginx介绍
nginx是一款高性能web服务器和反向代理服务器，在互联网项目中使用非常频繁，尤其其出色的性能以及轻量级进程占用，已经超过了apache的httpd服务器的使用量。内部可以配置零拷贝实现快速文件传输。
2、openresty
openresty是将nginx现有一些重要插件做了集成，省去安装nginx之后还需要在安装插件的繁琐步骤，内置luajit插件，能解决接受post提交请求、json消息体解析等功能。
3、安装openresty
3.1 windows下安装
下载软件包D:downloadsopenresty-1.13.6.1-win32.zip，解压即可。
3.2 linux下安装
-
添加openresty yum源
创建/etc/yum.repos.d/openresty.repo文件，内容如下：
[openresty] name=Official OpenResty Open Source Repository for CentOS baseurl=https://openresty.org/package/centos/$releasever/$basearch skip_if_unavailable=False gpgcheck=1 repo_gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://openresty.org/package/pubkey.gpg enabled=1 enabled_metadata=1 -
清空yum缓存并重建缓存
#切换到root账户下操作 $>su root $>yum clean all $>yum makecache -
通过yum进行安装
#搜索openresty软件包 $>sudo yum cache search openresty $>sudo yum install openresty
4、配置反向代理服务器
配置文件为openresty-1.13.6.1-win32conf ginx.conf
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
# log_format main escape=json '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'
# '"$request_body"'
# '"$http_client_time"';
log_format main escape=json $remote_addr#$http_client_time#$time_local#$status#$request_body;
access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
##############################################################
######## 该部分为反向代理 ###############
##############################################################
upstream servers{
server s101:80 weight=1;
server s102:80 weight=1;
}
map $http_x_forwarded_for $clientRealIp {
~^(?P<firstAddr>[0-9.]+),?.*$ $firstAddr;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
#
underscores_in_headers on;
location / {
#root html;
#index index.html index.htm;
error_page 405 =200 $1;
lua_need_request_body on;
content_by_lua 'local s = ngx.var.request_body';
proxy_pass http://servers;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header remove_user_ip $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ .php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ .php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
5、配置centos上的nginx web服务器
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main escape=json $msec#$time_local#$clientRealIp#$http_client_time#$status#$request_body;
access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
map $http_x_forwarded_for $clientRealIp {
~^(?P<firstAddr>[0-9.]+),?.*$ $firstAddr;
}
server {
listen 8888;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
underscores_in_headers on;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
error_page 405 =200 $1;
lua_need_request_body on;
content_by_lua 'local s = ngx.var.request_body';
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ .php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
}
}
6、nginx管理命令
6.1 启动openresty
$>su root #切换到root账户
$>openresty #启动命令
6.2 停止命令
$>su root
$>openresty -s stop #停止命令
6.3 重新加载配置文件
$>su root
$>openresty -s reload #重新加载
6.4 检查配置文件正确性
$>su root
$>openresty -t #检查文件
6.5 查看帮助
#查看帮助
$>sudo openresty -h
Usage: nginx [-?hvVtTq] [-s signal] [-c filename] [-p prefix] [-g directives]
Options:
-?,-h : this help
-v : show version and exit
-V : show version and configure options then exit
-t : test configuration and exit
-T : test configuration, dump it and exit
-q : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing
-s signal : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload
-p prefix : set prefix path (default: /usr/local/openresty/nginx/)
-c filename : set configuration file (default: conf/nginx.conf)
-g directives : set global directives out of configuration file
$>sudo openresty -s reload | stop | quit |reopen
$>sudo openresty -t
7、注意事项
7.1 关闭centos的防火墙与开启自启
$>sudo service firewalld status #查看防火墙
$>sudo service firewalld start #启动防火墙
$>sudo service firewalld stop #停止后防火墙
$>sudo chkconfig firewalld off #关闭开机自启
$>sudo chkconfig firewalld on #启动开机自启
$>sudo chkconfig #查看开机自启项列表
7.2 不要使用浏览器访问nginx
我们配置的nginx服务器接受post方式访问，浏览器是get方式，因此无法访问nginx服务器，可以在chrome中安装poster插件实现发送post请求。