1. 阻塞
除了内存、CPU、I/O这些系统资源以外,阻塞和死锁是影响数据库应用性能的另一大因素。
所谓的「阻塞」,是指当一个数据库会话中的事务,正在锁定其他会话事务想要读取或修改的资源,造成这些会话发出的请求进入等待的状态。SQL Server 默认会让被阻塞的请求无限期地一直等待,直到原来的事务释放相关的锁,或直到它超时、服务器关闭、进程被杀死。一般的系统中,偶尔有短时间的阻塞是正常且合理的;但若设计不良的程序,就可能导致长时间的阻塞,这样就不必要地锁定了资源,而且阻塞了其他会话欲读取或更新的需求。遇到这种情况,可能就需要手工排除阻塞的状态。
2.阻塞和死锁可能带来的问题
(1)并发用户少的时候,一切还都正常。但是随着并发用户的增加,性能越来越慢。
(2)应用程序运行很慢,但是SQL Server 这个CPU和磁盘利用率很低。
(3)客户端经常受到以下错误。
Error 1222--Lock request time out period exceeded.
Error 1205--Your transaction(process ID #XX) was deadlocked on resources with another process and has been chosen as the deadlock victim. Return your transaction.
超时错误--Timeout expired. The timeout period elapsed prior to completion of the operation or the server is not responding.
(4)有些查询能够进行,但是有些特定的查询或修改总是不能返回。
(5)重启SQL Server就能解决。但是有可能跑一段时间以后又会出现问题。
3.阻塞的检查
3.1 主要的系统表或函数
Sys.SysProcesses 系统表是一个很重要的系统视图,主要用来定位与解决Sql Server的阻塞和死锁。主要字段1.Spid:Sql Servr 会话ID 2.Blocked:正在阻塞求情的会话 ID。如果此列为 Null,则标识请求未被阻塞 3. Program_name:应用程序的名称,就是 连接字符串中配的 Application Name 4. Hostname:建立链接的客户端工作站的名称。
sys.dm_exec_requests、sys.dm_exec_sql_text返回指定SPIDer的 SQL 查询文本。
DBCC INPUTBUFFER 显示从客户端发送到 Microsoft SQL Server 实例的最后一个语句。
sp_lock 系统存储过程,报告有关锁的信息。
3.2 Check逻辑
对应的存储为dblockcheck(job为DB_Lockcheck),主要Check逻辑如下:
3.3 保存的数据
所收集的数据保存dblock_information中,主要包含信息如截图,定期的统计分析可获得经常被阻塞和引起阻塞SQL语句和Table,这些信息是进行数据库优化的一个角度。
select top 100* from dblock_information order by TransDateTime desc
4.代码实现
4.1 Table的创建脚本
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[dblock_information]( [ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [Message] [nvarchar](300) NULL, [LockType] [char](1) NULL, [SPID1] [int] NULL, [SPID2] [int] NULL, [EventType] [nvarchar](100) NULL, [Parameters] [nvarchar](10) NULL, [EventInfo] [nvarchar](3000) NULL, [IndividualQuery] [nvarchar](1000) NULL, [TransDateTime] [datetime] NULL CONSTRAINT [DF_dblock_information_TransDateTime] DEFAULT (getdate()), [AppName] [varchar](50) NULL, [HostName] [varchar](50) NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK_dblock_information] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [ID] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY]
4.2 存储的创建脚本
Create procedure [dbo].[dblockcheck] @AlarmThreshold as tinyint=10 as set nocount on -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --*Program*: <dblock check for job> --*Programer*:<> --*Date*:<> --*Description*:<Query SQL Locking Process> --*Unify*:<UA> --########## Parameter Description Begin ########## --########## Parameter Description End # ########## --##########Update Log Begin ################### --##########Update Log End # ################### -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- declare @SQL as varchar(200) declare @Subject as varchar(200) declare @Body as nvarchar(max) declare @SPName as nvarchar(max) declare @Message as nvarchar(200) declare @DBname varchar(15) declare @IP varchar(20) declare @CNT as int declare @cnt2 int declare @IndividualQuery nvarchar(1000) declare @HostName varchar(50) declare @AppName varchar(50) SET @DBname=DB_NAME() SELECT @IP='XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX' ----不手动定义IP也可通过以下函数来实现 Declare @ServerIP NVARCHAR(30)='', @SERVERNAME NVARCHAR(60)='' SELECT top 1 @SERVERNAME = @@SERVERNAME ,@ServerIP=LOCAL_NET_ADDRESS FROM SYS.DM_EXEC_CONNECTIONS where LOCAL_NET_ADDRESS is not null -------- begin declare @spid int,@bl int, @intTransactionCountOnEntry int, @intRowcount int, @intCountProperties int, @intCounter int create table #tmp_lock_who ( id int identity(1,1), spid smallint, bl smallint) create table #tmp_lock_information ( id int identity(1,1), Message nvarchar(200), LockType char(1), SPID1 int, SPID2 int, EventType nvarchar(100), Parameters nvarchar(10), EventInfo nvarchar(max), IndividualQuery nvarchar(1000), AppName varchar(50), HostName varchar(50) ) IF @@ERROR<>0 RETURN @@ERROR insert into #tmp_lock_who(spid,bl) select 0 ,blocked from (select * from master..sysprocesses where blocked>0 ) a where not exists(select * from (select * from master..sysprocesses where blocked>0 ) b where a.blocked=spid) union select spid,blocked from master..sysprocesses where blocked>0 IF @@ERROR<>0 RETURN @@ERROR -- 找到临时表的记录数 select @intCountProperties = Count(*),@intCounter = 1 from #tmp_lock_who IF @@ERROR<>0 RETURN @@ERROR if @intCountProperties=0 select N'现在没有阻塞信息!' as message -- 循环开始 while @intCounter <= @intCountProperties begin -- 取第一条记录 select @spid = spid,@bl = bl from #tmp_lock_who where Id = @intCounter begin SELECT @IndividualQuery= SUBSTRING (qr.text,qs.statement_start_offset/2, (CASE WHEN qs.statement_end_offset = -1 THEN LEN(CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), qr.text)) * 2 ELSE qs.statement_end_offset END - qs.statement_start_offset)/2) FROM SYS.DM_EXEC_REQUESTS qs OUTER APPLY SYS.DM_EXEC_SQL_TEXT(qs.sql_handle) AS qr WHERE qr.text is not null and qs.session_id=@bl select @HostName=left(HostName,50),@AppName=Left(Program_Name,50) from master..sysprocesses With(nolock) Where SPID=@bl set @SQL='DBCC INPUTBUFFER ('+cast(@bl as char(20))+')' if @spid =0 begin select @Message=N'引起数据库阻塞的是: '+ CAST(@bl AS NVARCHAR(100)) + N'进程号,其执行的SQL语法如下' --set @SQL='DBCC INPUTBUFFER ('+cast(@bl as char(20))+')' insert into #tmp_lock_information(EventType,Parameters,EventInfo) exec(@sql) update #tmp_lock_information set LockType='1',SPID1=@bl,SPID2=@bl,IndividualQuery=@IndividualQuery,[Message]=@Message,AppName=@APPName,HostName=@HostName where [Message] is null end else begin select @Message=N'进程号SPID:'+ CAST(@spid AS NVARCHAR(100))+ N'被' + N'进程号SPID:'+ CAST(@bl AS NVARCHAR(10)) +N'阻塞,其当前进程执行的SQL语法如下' insert into #tmp_lock_information(EventType,Parameters,EventInfo) exec(@sql) update #tmp_lock_information set LockType='2', SPID1=@spid,SPID2=@bl,IndividualQuery=@IndividualQuery,[Message]=@Message,AppName=@APPName,HostName=@HostName where [Message] is null end end -- 循环指针下移 set @intCounter = @intCounter + 1 end drop table #tmp_lock_who if exists(select 0 from #tmp_lock_information) Begin Insert into dblock_information(Message,LockType,SPID1,SPID2,EventType,Parameters,EventInfo,IndividualQuery,AppName,HostName) Select [Message],LockType,SPID1,SPID2,EventType,Parameters,Substring(EventInfo,1,500),IndividualQuery,AppName,HostName from #tmp_lock_information End drop table #tmp_lock_information return 0 end