• Linux系统下 MySQL 安装 指南(5.7和8.0 版本)


    一. 准备工作

    1 删除本地centos7中的mariadb:

    查看系统中是否已安装 mariadb 服务:

    rpm -qa | grep mariadb

    yum list installed | grep mariadb

    如果已安装则删除 mariadb及其依赖的包:

    yum -y remove mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64

    关闭防火墙:

    firewall-cmd --state #查看防火墙状态

    systemctl stop firewalld.service #关闭防火墙

    systemctl is-enabled firewalld.service;echo $? #查看防火墙是否开机自启

    systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止防火墙开机启动

    MySQL依赖于libaio 库,安装libaio

    yum search libaio

    yum install libaio

    2.下载安装包

    mkdir /data

    cd /data/

    yum -y install wget

    wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

    3. 解压、重命名

    tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /data

    mv /data/mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /data/mysql57

    mkdir mysql #数据目录与安装目录分离,便于以后MySQL升级

    二. 安装MySQL

    1.添加用户和组

    groupadd mysql

    useradd mysql -g mysql

    2.配置文件

    /etc/my.cnf

    主要参数及取值如下:

    (相关取值,请根据实际环境做调整,如内存配置参数等)

    #######
    [client]  
    socket = /data/mysql/data/mysql.sock 
    default-character-set=utf8mb4
    #loose-local-infile=0
    [mysqld]
    log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
    
    secure_file_priv='/tmp'
    
    ########dir settings########
    basedir = /data/mysql57
    datadir = /data/mysql/data
    pid-file = /data/mysql/data/mysql.pid
    socket = /data/mysql/data/mysql.sock 
    tmpdir = /data/mysql/tmp
    log-bin = /data/mysql/mysql_log/mysql-bin
    log-error = /data/mysql/mysql_log/mysql.err
    general_log_file=/data/mysql/mysql_log/mysql.genlog
    slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql_log/mysql_slow_new.log
    relay_log = /data/mysql/mysql_log/relay.log
    
    ########server setting#######
    #sql_mode = "ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"
    server-id = 2022
    port = 3306
    character-set-server=utf8mb4
    collation_server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
    lower_case_table_names = 0
    skip_name_resolve = 1
    #max_connect_errors = 1000
    max_connections = 2000
    thread_cache_size=256
    #thread_stack= 262144
    #back_log=80
    max_allowed_packet = 134217728
    event_scheduler = 1 
    local-infile=0
    # lower_case_table_names = 1
    explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1
    expire_logs_days = 15
    log_bin_trust_function_creators =1
    
    ####.frm/.ibd files qty related
    open_files_limit=65535
    innodb_open_files=65535
    table_open_cache=65535
    table_definition_cache=65535
    
    #### seesion buffer related
    read_buffer_size = 262144
    read_rnd_buffer_size = 524288
    sort_buffer_size = 8388608
    join_buffer_size = 8388608
    
    ####memory table size 
    tmp_table_size =67108864
    max_heap_table_size=67108864
    
    ####timeout
    interactive_timeout = 1800
    wait_timeout = 1800
    # connect_timeout=10
    
    ########slow query ########
    slow_query_log = 1
    log_slow_slave_statements = 1
    log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1
    log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 10
    long_query_time = 1
    #min_examined_row_limit = 10000
    
    ########innodb settings########
    innodb_buffer_pool_size = 193273528320
    innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 16 
    innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct = 40
    innodb_lru_scan_depth = 2048
    innodb_page_cleaners = 16
    #innodb_purge_threads = 4
    innodb_sort_buffer_size = 67108864
    #innodb_file_per_table = 1
    #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
    
    innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1
    innodb_undo_tablespaces = 3 
    innodb_max_undo_log_size = 2147483648
    innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency = 128
    
    innodb_log_file_size = 1073741824
    innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
    innodb_log_buffer_size = 16777216
    innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
    innodb_flush_neighbors = 0
    innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1
    
    innodb_strict_mode = 1
    #innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
    
    innodb_io_capacity = 32768
    innodb_io_capacity_max = 65536
    innodb_thread_concurrency = 32
    innodb_write_io_threads = 8
    innodb_read_io_threads = 8
    
    ########replication settings########
    master_info_repository = TABLE
    relay_log_info_repository = TABLE
    
    gtid_mode = on
    enforce_gtid_consistency = 1
    binlog_gtid_simple_recovery=1
    relay_log_recovery = 1
    
    slave-parallel-type = LOGICAL_CLOCK
    slave-parallel-workers = 16
    slave_transaction_retries=128
    slave_preserve_commit_order=1
    
    log_slave_updates=1
    binlog_format = ROW
    log_timestamps=system
    
    binlog_rows_query_log_events = 1
    binlog_row_image='full' 
    slave_skip_errors = ddl_exist_errors
    
    ########semi sync replication settings########
    ##plugin_dir=/data/mysql/plugin/
    #plugin_load = "rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so"
    #rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1
    #rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 5000
    #rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1
    
    [mysqldump]
    quick

    说明:

    请一定记得上面 配置模板文件中的server-id 参数一定要修改。

    否则在配置 主从复制,或者MHA时会报错。

    例如错误信息 :

    2018-10-09T16:13:53.205115+08:00 11 [ERROR] [MY-013117] [Repl] Slave I/O for channel '': Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server ids; these ids must be different for replication to work (or the --replicate-same-server-id option must be used on slave but this does not always make sense; please check the manual before using it). Error_code: MY-013117

     

    3. 创建目录并授权

    cd /data/mysql

    mkdir mysql_log

    chown -R mysql.mysql mysql_log/

    mkdir tmp

    chown -R mysql.mysql tmp/

     说明:

    有时候,可能我们只是将MYSQL的二进制文件从其它的服务器Copy至本地。

    例如我们在安装MYSQL8.0 时,安装文件从其它的服务,Copy到本地,文件命名为mysql80。如下图:

    此时还需要执行以下权限,所以 我手动增加了一下权限,执行代码如下:

    chmod -R 755 /data/mysql80/bin/

    4.初始化MySQL

     

    /data/mysql57/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/data/mysql57 --datadir=/data/mysql/data

    说明:

    主参数--defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf必须紧接在mysqld后面,如果做第二个以后的参数加入时,则会出现报错:

    [ERROR] unknown variable 'defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf'!

    注意密码:5.7初始化后会生成一个临时密码,存在mysql.err

    [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: XXXXXXXX

    也就是root@localhost:后的字符串。

    5.添加到MySQL启动脚本到系统服务,并且设置开启启动

    cp -a /data/mysql57/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

    设置开机启动和检查是否成功

    chkconfig mysqld on
    chkconfig
    --list | grep mysqld

    6. 创建mysql软链接至/usr/bin下

    ln -s /data/mysql57/bin/mysql /usr/bin

    7.启动MySQL服务

     

    service mysqld start

    说明:

    如果还是使用的Copy文件的方式,例如我们前面 Copy的mysql80 二进制文件, 此处就会报错:

    此时 还要执行以下赋权命令 :

    chmod -R 755 ./mysql.server   (这个文件是 /data/mysql80/support-files)

    和  

    chmod -R 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

     

    8. 登录MySQL,修改root密码

    mysql -uroot -pXXXXXXX 
    mysql> set password=password('XXXXXXX2');

    说明 :

    MySQL 8.0 是报错的:

    ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'password('XXXXX')' at line 1

    在登录MySQL,修改root密码时,使用就方法 SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD(‘[新密码]’) 报错。

    查看网上的相关解释为:

    以前版本的MySQL的密码认证插件是“mysql_native_password”,而现在使用的是“caching_sha2_password”。

    解决方案:

    ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '新密码';

    FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

     三. 在本服务器上在开启一个实例

    如果我们想在此服务器上在开始一个实例,例如 3307 用来测试。大体的安装步骤是一样的,但需要注意以下2点。

    (1) 新实例的开启,可以通过defaults-file 参数开启,加入我们的参数文件是 my3307.cnf ,位于 /etc 目录下,那么 启动实例的脚本如下:

    (mysql80 是代表80版本,上面的测试是5.7版本,所以是mysql57)

    /data/mysql80/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my3307.cnf –daemonize

    (2) 开启后,主要怎么去连接。这个时候需要指定 socket。socket 一般位于mysql的数据目录中。实例初始化后,会产生账号密码,socket 也会生成,这些信息都可以在  mysql.err 文件中查看到。

    本例的 socket 文件为/data/mysql_3307/data/mysql.sock,则多实例的登入方式如下:

     mysql -S /data/mysql_3307/data/mysql.sock -uroot -p -P 3307
  • 相关阅读:
    《javascript高级程序设计》第六章总结
    电子邮件写信页面开发代码
    JSON和XML的比较
    2014前端工程师基础课程作业
    cookie 和session 的区别详解
    substring()、slice()和substr()方法辨析
    Number()、parseInt()和parseFloat()辨析
    《javascript高级程序设计》第十三章知识点
    angular debounce 搜索去抖动/防抖
    js四舍五入保留两位小数的方法
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xuliuzai/p/10078351.html
Copyright © 2020-2023  润新知