WCF学习笔记一：创建WCF程序

创建Solution

1、WCFDataContract：一个类库项目，定义契约数据对象，引用System.Runtime.Serialization程序集。

using System;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;

namespace WCFDataContract
{
    [DataContract]
    public class Person
    {
        [DataMember]
        public string Name { get; set; }
        [DataMember]
        public int Age { get; set; }
        [DataMember]
        public Contact Contact { get; set; }
    }
}

2、WCFServiceContract：一个类库项目，定义契约，引用System.ServiceMode程序集。

using System;
using System.ServiceModel;
using WCFDataContract;

namespace WCFServiceContract
{
    [ServiceContract]
    public interface IPersonService
    {
        [OperationContract]
        int GetPersonAge(string name);

        [OperationContract]
        Contact GetPersonContact(Person person);
    }
}

3、WCFServiceLibrary：一个类库项目，实现契约。
    也可以创建WCF Service Library项目，自动添加App.config，且编译参数多了/client:"WcfTestClient.exe"

using System;
using WCFServiceContract;
using WCFDataContract;

namespace WCFServiceLibrary
{
    public class PersonService : IPersonService
    {
        public int GetPersonAge(string name)
        {
            return name.Length;
        }

        public WCFDataContract.Contact GetPersonContact(WCFDataContract.Person person)
        {
            Contact contact = new Contact();
            contact.Address = person.Name + "'s Address";
            contact.Mail = person.Name + "@mail.com";
            return contact;
        }
    }
}

4、定义服务，有两种定义服务端的方式。
4.1、WCFWebAppService：一个Web Application项目，定义基于IIS的服务。需要引用前三个项目和System.ServiceMode程序集。

a、为WCF服务创建PersonService.svc文件

<%@ ServiceHost Language="C#" Debug="true" Service="WCFServiceLibrary.PersonService" %>

b、配置WCF服务Web.config文件。在configuration节点下添加：

   <system.serviceModel>
        <behaviors>
            <serviceBehaviors>
                <behavior name="WCFWebAppService.PersonServiceBehavior">
                    <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" />
                    <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false" />
                </behavior>
            </serviceBehaviors>
        </behaviors>
        <services>
            <service behaviorConfiguration="WCFWebAppService.PersonServiceBehavior"
                name="WCFServiceLibrary.PersonService">
                <endpoint address="" binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="WCFServiceContract.IPersonService">
                    <identity>
                        <dns value="localhost" />
                    </identity>
                </endpoint>
                <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" />
            </service>
        </services>
    </system.serviceModel>

4.2、WCFWinAppService：一个Console Application项目，定义自启动的服务。同样需要引用前三个项目和System.ServiceMode程序集。

using System;
using System.ServiceModel;
using WCFServiceLibrary;
using WCFServiceContract;
using System.ServiceModel.Description;

namespace WCFWinAppService
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(PersonService)))
            {
                host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(IPersonService), new WSHttpBinding(), "http://localhost:9999/personservice");
                if (host.Description.Behaviors.Find<ServiceMetadataBehavior>() == null)
                {
                    ServiceMetadataBehavior behavior = new ServiceMetadataBehavior();
                    behavior.HttpGetEnabled = true;
                    behavior.HttpGetUrl = new Uri("http://localhost:9999/personservice/metadata");
                    host.Description.Behaviors.Add(behavior);
                }
                host.Opened += delegate { Console.WriteLine("PersonService已经启动，按Enter键终止服务！"); };
                host.Open();
                Console.Read();
            }
        }
    }
}

另，可以通过App.config配置服务。如下：

a、配置App.config，同创建WCF Service Library项目产生的App.config

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
  <!-- When deploying the service library project, the content of the config file must be added to the host's 
  app.config file. System.Configuration does not support config files for libraries. -->
  <system.serviceModel>
    <services>
      <service behaviorConfiguration="WCFServiceLibrary.Service1Behavior"
        name="WCFServiceLibrary.PersonService">
        <endpoint address="" binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="WCFServiceContract.IPersonService">
          <identity>
            <dns value="localhost" />
          </identity>
        </endpoint>
        <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" />
        <host>
          <baseAddresses>
            <add baseAddress="http://localhost:8731/WCFServiceLibrary/PersonService/" />
          </baseAddresses>
        </host>
      </service>
    </services>
    <behaviors>
      <serviceBehaviors>
        <behavior name="WCFServiceLibrary.Service1Behavior">
          <!-- To avoid disclosing metadata information, 
          set the value below to false and remove the metadata endpoint above before deployment -->
          <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="True"/>
          <!-- To receive exception details in faults for debugging purposes, 
          set the value below to true.  Set to false before deployment 
          to avoid disclosing exception information -->
          <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="False" />
        </behavior>
      </serviceBehaviors>
    </behaviors>
  </system.serviceModel>
</configuration>

b、启动ServiceHost

using System;
using System.ServiceModel;
using WCFServiceLibrary;
using WCFServiceContract;
using System.ServiceModel.Description;

namespace WCFWinAppService
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(PersonService)))
            {
                host.Opened += delegate { Console.WriteLine("PersonService已经启动，按Enter键终止服务！"); };
                host.Open();
                Console.Read();
            }
        }
    }
}

5、WCFClientDemo：一个Console Application项目模拟服务的客户端，该项目引用System.ServiceMode程序集。

有两种方式调用服务，一种是定义服务代理类，现实项目中几乎不会这样使用。
另一种是使用ChannelFactory创建服务代理类，如下：

using System;
using System.ServiceModel;
using WCFServiceContract;
using WCFDataContract;

namespace WCFClientDemo
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string url = "http://localhost:9999/personservice";
            //string url = "http://localhost:8731/WCFServiceLibrary/PersonService";
            //string url = "http://localhost:6094/PersonService.svc";
            using (ChannelFactory<IPersonService> channelFactory = new ChannelFactory<IPersonService>(new WSHttpBinding(), url))
            {
                IPersonService proxy = channelFactory.CreateChannel();
                using (proxy as IDisposable)
                {
                    Person person = new Person();
                    person.Name = "Fly";
                    person.Age = proxy.GetPersonAge(person.Name);
                    person.Contact = proxy.GetPersonContact(person);

                    Console.WriteLine(person.Name);
                    Console.WriteLine(person.Age);
                    Console.WriteLine(person.Contact.Address);
                    Console.WriteLine(person.Contact.Mail);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

当然，可以通过配置app.config，如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
  <system.serviceModel>
    <bindings />
    <client>
      <endpoint address="http://localhost:9999/personservice" binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="WCFServiceContract.IPersonService" name="PersonService" />
    </client>
  </system.serviceModel>
</configuration>

那么在创建ChannelFactory<T>的时候，就无须再指定终结点的绑定和地址了，而只须制定对应的终结点配置名称。

using (ChannelFactory<IPersonService> channelFactory = new ChannelFactory<IPersonService>("PersonService"))

代码示例：https://files.cnblogs.com/xujiaoxiang/MyWCFDemo.zip