• RabbitMQ入门:Hello RabbitMQ 代码实例


    RabbitMQ入门:Hello RabbitMQ 代码实例

     

    在之前的一篇博客RabbitMQ入门:认识并安装RabbitMQ(以Windows系统为例)中,我们安装了RabbitMQ并且对其也有的初步的认识,今天就来写个入门小例子来加深概念理解并了解代码怎么实现。

    本篇博客围绕下面几个方面展开:

    1. 代码前的理论热身
    2. 代码实例:Hello RabbitMQ
    3. 运行代码并调试问题

    Now, Let's begin !

    一、代码前的理论热身

    我们来看张图:

    Publisher(生产者)生成消息,然后publish(发布)消息到exchange(路由器,也有资料翻译成交换机),然后根据路由规则将消息传递到Queue(队列),最终交由Consumer(消费者)进行消费处理。

    这里的生产者和消费者都是我们的应用,因此我们的代码中要实现这两个部分。

    中间的节点就是RabbitMQ 提供的内容,需要再生产者和消费者里面调用其接口来定义和使用这些节点。

    二、代码实例:Hello RabbitMQ

    1. 首先来实现生产者,这里我没有用Publisher做类名,而是用的Provider,没有特别的用意,就是在起名字的时候不小心写成了这样,不需要在意这个细节,O(∩_∩)O。
      复制代码
      package com.sam.hello_rabbitmq;
      
      import java.io.IOException;
      import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
      
      import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
      import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
      import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
      
      public class Provider {
      
          //定义队列名
          static String QUEUE_NAME = "helloRabbit";
      
          public static void main(String[] args) {
              ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
              factory.setHost("localhost");
              Connection connection = null;
              Channel channel = null;
              try {
                  //1.创建连接和通道
                  connection = factory.newConnection();
                  channel = connection.createChannel();
                  
                  //2.为通道声明队列
                  channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
                  
                  //3.发布消息
                  String msg = " hello rabbitmq, welcome to sam's blog.";
                  channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, msg.getBytes());
                  System.out.println("provider send a msg: " + msg);
              } catch (IOException e) {
                  e.printStackTrace();
              } catch (TimeoutException e) {
                  e.printStackTrace();
              } finally {
                  //4.关闭连接
                  if (channel != null) {
                      try {
                          channel.close();
                      } catch (IOException e) {
                          e.printStackTrace();
                      } catch (TimeoutException e) {
                          e.printStackTrace();
                      }
                  }
      
                  if (connection != null) {
                      try {
                          connection.close();
                      } catch (IOException e) {
                          e.printStackTrace();
                      }
                  }
              }
      
          }
      
      }
      复制代码

      在第2步中,channel.queueDeclare 用来创建队列,有5个参数:String queue, 队列名; boolean durable, 该队列是否需要持久化; boolean exclusive,该队列是否为该通道独占的(其他通道是否可以消费该队列); boolean autoDelete,该队列不再使用的时候,是否让RabbitMQ服务器自动删除掉; Map<String, Object> arguments 其他参数。第3步中,channel.basicPublish 发布消息(用在生产者),有4个参数:String exchange, 路由器(有的资料翻译成交换机)的名字,即将消息发到哪个路由器; String routingKey, 路由键,即发布消息时,该消息的路由键是什么; BasicProperties props, 指定消息的基本属性; byte[] body 消息体,也就是消息的内容,是字节数组。 可能你会疑惑,为什么没有exchange呢?因为如果声明了队列,可以不声明路由器。

    2. 接着来实现消费者,消费者实现和生产者过程差不多,但是在这里并没有关闭连接和通道,是因为要消费者一直等待随时可能发来的消息。代码如下:
      复制代码
      package com.sam.hello_rabbitmq;
      
      import java.io.IOException;
      import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
      import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
      import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
      import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
      import com.rabbitmq.client.Consumer;
      import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
      import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;
      
      public class HelloConsumer {
      
          public static void main(String[] args) {
              ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
              factory.setHost("localhost");
              Connection connection = null;
              Channel channel = null;
              try {
                  // 1.创建连接和通道
                  connection = factory.newConnection();
                  channel = connection.createChannel();
      
                  // 2.为通道声明队列
                  channel.queueDeclare(Provider.QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
                  System.out.println(" **** keep alive ,waiting for messages, and then deal them");
                  // 3.通过回调生成消费者
                  Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
                      @Override
                      public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
                              com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                          
                          //获取消息内容然后处理
                          String msg = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                          System.out.println("*********** HelloConsumer" + " get message :[" + msg +"]");
                      }
                  };
                  
                  //4.消费消息
                  channel.basicConsume(Provider.QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);
      
              } catch (IOException e) {
                  e.printStackTrace();
              } catch (TimeoutException e) {
                  e.printStackTrace();
              }
          }
      }
      复制代码

      在第4步中,channel.basicConsume 用来接收消息,用在消费者,有3个参数:String queue, 队列名字,即要从哪个队列中接收消息; boolean autoAck, 是否自动确认,默认true; Consumer callback 消费者,即谁接收消息。

    三、运行代码并调试问题

    代码写好了,接下来进行测试,

    1. 先来执行下Provider.java,发现报错了:
      复制代码
      SLF4J: Failed to load class "org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder".
      SLF4J: Defaulting to no-operation (NOP) logger implementation
      SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#StaticLoggerBinder for further details.
      java.io.IOException
          at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.AMQChannel.wrap(AMQChannel.java:124)
          at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.AMQChannel.wrap(AMQChannel.java:120)
          at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.AMQChannel.exnWrappingRpc(AMQChannel.java:142)
          at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.ChannelN.queueDeclare(ChannelN.java:952)
          at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.recovery.AutorecoveringChannel.queueDeclare(AutorecoveringChannel.java:333)
          at com.sam.hello_rabbitmq.Provider.main(Provider.java:36)
      Caused by: com.rabbitmq.client.ShutdownSignalException: channel error; protocol method: #method<channel.close>(reply-code=406, reply-text=PRECONDITION_FAILED - inequivalent arg 'durable' for queue 'helloRabbit' in vhost '/': received 'false' but current is 'true', class-id=50, method-id=10)
          at com.rabbitmq.utility.ValueOrException.getValue(ValueOrException.java:66)
          at com.rabbitmq.utility.BlockingValueOrException.uninterruptibleGetValue(BlockingValueOrException.java:36)
          at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.AMQChannel$BlockingRpcContinuation.getReply(AMQChannel.java:443)
          at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.AMQChannel.privateRpc(AMQChannel.java:263)
          at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.AMQChannel.exnWrappingRpc(AMQChannel.java:136)
          ... 3 more
      Caused by: com.rabbitmq.client.ShutdownSignalException: channel error; protocol method: #method<channel.close>(reply-code=406, reply-text=PRECONDITION_FAILED - inequivalent arg 'durable' for queue 'helloRabbit' in vhost '/': received 'false' but current is 'true', class-id=50, method-id=10)
          at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.ChannelN.asyncShutdown(ChannelN.java:509)
          at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.ChannelN.processAsync(ChannelN.java:340)
          at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.AMQChannel.handleCompleteInboundCommand(AMQChannel.java:162)
          at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.AMQChannel.handleFrame(AMQChannel.java:109)
          at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.AMQConnection.readFrame(AMQConnection.java:643)
          at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.AMQConnection.access$300(AMQConnection.java:47)
          at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.AMQConnection$MainLoop.run(AMQConnection.java:581)
          at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
      Exception in thread "main" com.rabbitmq.client.AlreadyClosedException: channel is already closed due to channel error; protocol method: #method<channel.close>(reply-code=406, reply-text=PRECONDITION_FAILED - inequivalent arg 'durable' for queue 'helloRabbit' in vhost '/': received 'false' but current is 'true', class-id=50, method-id=10)
          at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.AMQChannel.processShutdownSignal(AMQChannel.java:345)
          at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.ChannelN.startProcessShutdownSignal(ChannelN.java:286)
          at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.ChannelN.close(ChannelN.java:600)
          at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.ChannelN.close(ChannelN.java:534)
          at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.ChannelN.close(ChannelN.java:527)
          at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.recovery.AutorecoveringChannel.close(AutorecoveringChannel.java:68)
          at com.sam.hello_rabbitmq.Provider.main(Provider.java:60)
      复制代码
      关键堆栈信息是:inequivalent arg 'durable' for queue 'helloRabbit' in vhost '/': received 'false' but current is 'true',说是helloRabbit这个队列durable(是否需要持久化)
      参数已经设定成了true 但是代码中指定的是false,冲突了,纳尼?访问RabbitMQ管理页面:http://localhost:15672/#/queues 发现已经存在一个队列helloRabbit,

      点helloRabbit的链接,发现队列的durable属性确实是true。哦,原来我之前在做别的练习的时候,创建过一个叫这个名字的队列了,而且属性值刚好为true.

      那么接下来删掉这个既存的队列

      再去执行Provider.java,后台打印了内容,并且队列中有了一条ready的消息。

      问题解决!

    2. 执行HelloConsumer.java,预想的结果是在启动后,控制台直接打印出log并且RabbitMQ管理页面没有ready的消息:

      结果符合预期。

    到此,全部工作完美结束。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xuanbjut/p/14309729.html
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