paramiko模块
paramiko是一个用于做远程控制的模块,使用该模块可以对远程服务器进行命令或文件操作,值得一说的是,fabric和ansible内部的远程管理就是使用的paramiko来现实。其实它的底层是对ssh的上层代码的一个封装
一、下载安装
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#pycrypto,由于 paramiko 模块内部依赖pycrypto,所以先下载安装pycrypto tomcat@node:~$ pip install pycrypto tomcat@node:~$ pip install paramiko |
二、模块使用
1、SSHClient 用于连接远程服务器并执行基本命令
(1)基于用户名密码连接两种方式:
-->第一种
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import paramiko # 创建SSH对象 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() # 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机 ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) # 连接服务器 ssh.connect(hostname = '192.168.1.21' , port = 22 , username = 'root' , password = '123456' ) # 执行命令 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command( 'ls' ) # 获取命令结果 result = stdout.read() # 关闭连接 ssh.close() |
-->二种:SSHClient 封装 Transport
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import paramiko transport = paramiko.Transport(( '192.168.1.21' , 22 )) transport.connect(username = 'root' , password = '123456' ) ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = transport stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command( 'df' ) print stdout.read() transport.close() |
(2)基于公钥密钥连接的两种方式:
-->第一种
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import paramiko private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file( '/root/.ssh/id_rsa' ) # 创建SSH对象 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() # 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机 ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) # 连接服务器 ssh.connect(hostname = '192.168.1.21' , port = 22 , username = 'root' , key = private_key) # 执行命令 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command( 'df' ) # 获取命令结果 result = stdout.read() # 关闭连接 ssh.close() |
-->第二种:SSHClient 封装 Transport
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import paramiko private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file( '/root/.ssh/id_rsa' ) transport = paramiko.Transport(( '192.168.1.21' , 22 )) transport.connect(username = 'root' , pkey = private_key) ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = transport stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command( 'df' ) transport.close() |
2、SFTPClient用于连接远程服务器并执行上传下载
(1)基于用户名密码上传下载:
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import paramiko transport = paramiko.Transport(( '192.168.1.21' , 22 )) transport.connect(username = 'root' ,password = '123456' ) sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport) # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py sftp.put( '/tmp/location.py' , '/tmp/test.py' ) # 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path sftp.get( 'remove_path' , 'local_path' ) transport.close() |
(2)基于公钥密钥上传下载:
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import paramiko private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file( '/root/.ssh/id_rsa' ) transport = paramiko.Transport(( '192.168.1.21' , 22 )) transport.connect(username = 'root' , pkey = private_key ) sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport) # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py sftp.put( '/tmp/location.py' , '/tmp/test.py' ) # 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path sftp.get( 'remove_path' , 'local_path' ) transport.close() |
3、实例:通过transport实现远程执行命令和上传文件
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#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import paramiko class SSHConnection( object ): def __init__( self , host = '192.168.1.21' , port = 22 , username = 'root' ,pwd = '123456' ): self .host = host self .port = port self .username = username self .pwd = pwd self .__k = None def run( self ): self .connect() pass self .close() def connect( self ): transport = paramiko.Transport(( self .host, self .port)) transport.connect(username = self .username,password = self .pwd) self .__transport = transport def close( self ): self .__transport.close() def cmd( self , command): ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = self .__transport # 执行命令 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(command) # 获取命令结果 result = stdout.read() return result def upload( self ,local_path, target_path): # 连接,上传 sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport( self .__transport) # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py sftp.put(local_path, target_path) ssh = SSHConnection() ssh.connect() r1 = ssh.cmd( 'df' ) print (r1.decode()) #ssh.upload('test.py', "/root/test.py") ssh.upload( 's13_par.py' , "/root/s7.py" ) ssh.close() |
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import paramiko import uuid class SSHConnection(object): def __init__(self, host='172.16.103.191', port=22, username='wupeiqi',pwd='123'): self.host = host self.port = port self.username = username self.pwd = pwd self.__k = None def create_file(self): file_name = str(uuid.uuid4()) with open(file_name,'w') as f: f.write('sb') return file_name def run(self): self.connect() self.upload('/home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py') self.rename('/home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py', '/home/wupeiqi/ooooooooo.py) self.close() def connect(self): transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port)) transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd) self.__transport = transport def close(self): self.__transport.close() def upload(self,target_path): # 连接,上传 file_name = self.create_file() sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport) # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py sftp.put(file_name, target_path) def rename(self, old_path, new_path): ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = self.__transport # 执行命令 cmd = "mv %s %s" % (old_path, new_path,) stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmd) # 获取命令结果 result = stdout.read() def cmd(self, command): ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = self.__transport # 执行命令 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(command) # 获取命令结果 result = stdout.read() return result ha = SSHConnection() ha.run()
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# 对于更多限制命令,需要在系统中设置 / etc / sudoers Defaults requiretty Defaults:cmdb !requiretty Demo |
堡垒机
堡垒机执行流程:
- 管理员为用户在服务器上创建账号(将公钥放置服务器,或者使用用户名密码)
- 用户登陆堡垒机,输入堡垒机用户名密码,现实当前用户管理的服务器列表
- 用户选择服务器,并自动登陆
- 执行操作并同时将用户操作记录
注:配置.brashrc实现ssh登陆后自动执行脚本,如:/usr/bin/python /home/wupeiqi/menu.py
实现过程(前戏)
# 利用sys.stdin,肆意妄为执行操作
# 用户在终端输入内容,并将内容发送至远程服务器
# 远程服务器执行命令,并将结果返回
# 用户终端显示内容
版本一:能连上远程服务器在终端任意输入命令,但无法做到tab键补全命令
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import paramiko import sys import os import socket import select import getpass from paramiko.py3compat import u tran = paramiko.Transport(( '192.168.1.21' , 22 ,)) tran.start_client() tran.auth_password( 'root' , '123456' ) # 打开一个通道 chan = tran.open_session() # 获取一个终端 chan.get_pty() # 激活器 chan.invoke_shell() while True : # 监视用户输入和服务器返回数据 # sys.stdin 处理用户输入 # chan 是之前创建的通道,用于接收服务器返回信息 readable, writeable, error = select.select([chan, sys.stdin, ],[],[], 1 ) if chan in readable: try : x = u(chan.recv( 1024 )) if len (x) = = 0 : print ( '
*** EOF
' ) break sys.stdout.write(x) sys.stdout.flush() except socket.timeout: pass if sys.stdin in readable: inp = sys.stdin.readline() chan.sendall(inp) chan.close() tran.close() |
版本二:在版本一上增加了命令补全功能和命令记录
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import paramiko import sys import os import socket import select import getpass import termios import tty from paramiko.py3compat import u tran = paramiko.Transport(( '192.168.1.21' , 22 ,)) tran.start_client() tran.auth_password( 'root' , '123456' ) # 打开一个通道 chan = tran.open_session() # 获取一个终端 chan.get_pty() # 激活器 chan.invoke_shell() # 获取原tty属性 oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin) try : # 为tty设置新属性 # 默认当前tty设备属性: # 输入一行回车,执行 # CTRL+C 进程退出,遇到特殊字符,特殊处理。 # 这是为原始模式,不认识所有特殊符号 # 放置特殊字符应用在当前终端,如此设置,将所有的用户输入均发送到远程服务器 tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno()) chan.settimeout( 0.0 ) while True : # 监视 用户输入 和 远程服务器返回数据(socket) # 阻塞,直到句柄可读 r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [], 1 ) if chan in r: try : x = u(chan.recv( 1024 )) if len (x) = = 0 : print ( '
*** EOF
' ) break sys.stdout.write(x) sys.stdout.flush() except socket.timeout: pass if sys.stdin in r: x = sys.stdin.read( 1 ) if len (x) = = 0 : break chan.send(x) finally : # 重新设置终端属性 termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty) chan.close() tran.close() |
版本三:windows、linux通用版本
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import paramiko import sys import os import socket import getpass from paramiko.py3compat import u # windows does not have termios... try : import termios import tty has_termios = True except ImportError: has_termios = False def interactive_shell(chan): if has_termios: posix_shell(chan) else : windows_shell(chan) def posix_shell(chan): import select oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin) try : tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno()) tty.setcbreak(sys.stdin.fileno()) chan.settimeout( 0.0 ) log = open ( 'handle.log' , 'a+' , encoding = 'utf-8' ) flag = False temp_list = [] while True : r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], []) if chan in r: try : x = u(chan.recv( 1024 )) if len (x) = = 0 : sys.stdout.write( '
*** EOF
' ) break if flag: if x.startswith( '
' ): pass else : temp_list.append(x) flag = False sys.stdout.write(x) sys.stdout.flush() except socket.timeout: pass if sys.stdin in r: x = sys.stdin.read( 1 ) import json if len (x) = = 0 : break if x = = ' ' : flag = True else : temp_list.append(x) if x = = '
' : log.write(''.join(temp_list)) log.flush() temp_list.clear() chan.send(x) finally : termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty) def windows_shell(chan): import threading sys.stdout.write( "Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.
" ) def writeall(sock): while True : data = sock.recv( 256 ) if not data: sys.stdout.write( '
*** EOF ***
' ) sys.stdout.flush() break sys.stdout.write(data) sys.stdout.flush() writer = threading.Thread(target = writeall, args = (chan,)) writer.start() try : while True : d = sys.stdin.read( 1 ) if not d: break chan.send(d) except EOFError: # user hit ^Z or F6 pass def run(): default_username = getpass.getuser() username = input ( 'Username [%s]: ' % default_username) if len (username) = = 0 : username = default_username hostname = input ( 'Hostname: ' ) if len (hostname) = = 0 : print ( '*** Hostname required.' ) sys.exit( 1 ) tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, 22 ,)) tran.start_client() default_auth = "p" auth = input ( 'Auth by (p)assword or (r)sa key[%s] ' % default_auth) if len (auth) = = 0 : auth = default_auth if auth = = 'r' : default_path = os.path.join(os.environ[ 'HOME' ], '.ssh' , 'id_rsa' ) path = input ( 'RSA key [%s]: ' % default_path) if len (path) = = 0 : path = default_path try : key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path) except paramiko.PasswordRequiredException: password = getpass.getpass( 'RSA key password: ' ) key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path, password) tran.auth_publickey(username, key) else : pw = getpass.getpass( 'Password for %s@%s: ' % (username, hostname)) tran.auth_password(username, pw) # 打开一个通道 chan = tran.open_session() # 获取一个终端 chan.get_pty() # 激活器 chan.invoke_shell() interactive_shell(chan) chan.close() tran.close() if __name__ = = '__main__' : run() |
更多参见:paramoko源码 https://github.com/paramiko/paramiko
Alex堡垒机:http://www.cnblogs.com/alex3714/articles/5286889.html