原
C/C++：pthread_join()和pthread_detach()的区别
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简单来说：pthread_detach()和pthread_join()就是控制子线程回收资源的两种不同的方式。同一进程间的线程具有共享和独立的资源，其中共享的资源有堆、全局变量、静态变量、文件等公用资源。而独享的资源有栈和寄存器，这两种方式就是决定子线程结束时如何回收独享的资源。
pthread_detach()即主线程与子线程分离，两者相互不干涉，子线程结束同时子线程的资源自动回收。pthread_join()即是子线程合入主线程，主线程会一直阻塞，直到子线程执行结束，然后回收子线程资源，并继续执行。
代码编译过程为（文件取名main.cc）
- /** 编译 -lpthread为链接pthread**/
- g++ -o a.out main.cc -lpthread
- /** 执行 **/
- ./a.out
linux下内存占用查看指令为
- /** 先找到想要查看的程序的进程号 **/
- ps -ef
- /** -d 1 表示数据刷新频率1秒 -p xxx 表示想查看的程序的进程号 **/
- top -d 1 -p xxx
测试程序如下
- // for test
- #include <iostream>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <pthread.h>
-
- using namespace std;
- void* svc(void* args)
- {
- sleep(3);
- cout << "111111111111111" << endl;
- return nullptr;
- }
- int main()
- {
- do
- {
- pthread_t threadId = 0;
- const int ret = pthread_create(&threadId, 0, &svc, nullptr);
- if (ret == -1)
- {
- cout << "error while create thread!" << endl;
- return 0;
- }
- sleep(1)
- // pthread_join(threadId, nullptr);
- // cout << "222222222222222" << endl;
- // pthread_detach(threadId);
- // cout << "333333333333333" << endl;
- }while (false);
- getchar();
- return 0;
- }
先注销掉pthread_join()和pthread_detach()两个函数，代码中每隔1s创建一个子线程，并且子线程在执行结束后资源并没有被释放，变成了僵尸线程，此时用top明明查看进程的内存占用，发现进程占用的内存不断增大。此时若取消注释pthread_join()或者是pthread_detach()中的任意一个，再重新编译并启动程序，发现进程内存占用不会增大。因为子线程资源被释放掉了（无论是子线程自动释放还是主线程回收，都是释放）。
然后在一个子线程中观察两种释放的区别（此时不再创建多个子线程）
- // for test
- #include <iostream>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <pthread.h>
-
- using namespace std;
- void* svc(void* args)
- {
- sleep(3);
- cout << "111111111111111" << endl;
- return nullptr;
- }
- int main()
- {
- do
- {
- pthread_t threadId = 0;
- const int ret = pthread_create(&threadId, 0, &svc, nullptr);
- if (ret == -1)
- {
- cout << "error while create thread!" << endl;
- return 0;
- }
- sleep(1)
- pthread_join(threadId, nullptr);
- cout << "222222222222222" << endl;
- // pthread_detach(threadId);
- // cout << "222222222222222" << endl;
- } while (false);
- // getchar();
- return 0;
- }
主线程调用pthread_join()时，主线程将阻塞在这条调用语句上，不再执行下面的cout，直到子线程执行完毕后，主线程回收了子线程的资源，才会继续向下执行。这段代码的测试结果是
先输出子线程休眠三秒后打印的111111111111111，后输出pthread_join()语句之后的222222222222222，这样我们发现，在子线程执行完毕之后，主线程才继续执行pthread_join()之后的语句。而如果我们使用pthread_detach()，代码如下
- // for test
- #include <iostream>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <pthread.h>
-
- using namespace std;
- void* svc(void* args)
- {
- sleep(3);
- cout << "111111111111111" << endl;
- return nullptr;
- }
- int main()
- {
- do
- {
- pthread_t threadId = 0;
- const int ret = pthread_create(&threadId, 0, &svc, nullptr);
- if (ret == -1)
- {
- cout << "error while create thread!" << endl;
- return 0;
- }
- sleep(1)
- // pthread_join(threadId, nullptr);
- // cout << "222222222222222" << endl;
- pthread_detach(threadId);
- cout << "222222222222222" << endl;
- } while (false);
- // getchar();
- return 0;
- }
结果如下
主线程不会等待子线程执行结束就已经执行结束了，因此子线程根本就没有来得及执行，程序就结束了。
我觉得这里可以理解为如果子线程的资源需要主线程来回收的话，那么主线程就一定要等子线程结束，因为子线程还没用完呢你就不能拿去回收，但是如果子线程资源要自动回收的话，那么主线程就不必等你了。
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