我们要明确以下几点:
1、二叉堆是一棵完全二叉树;
2、可以构造大顶堆和小顶堆;
3、二叉堆构建优先级队列,以大顶堆为例,每次出队列的值都是当前队列中的最大值;
class MaxPQ:
def __init__(self):
self.n = 0 # 当前优先级队列中的元素,优先级队列:插入或删除元素的时候,元素会自动排序
self.pq = [0] # 存储数组,0索引位置不用
def parent(self, root):
return root // 2
def left(self, root):
return root * 2
def right(self, root):
return root * 2 + 1
def getMax(self):
return self.pq[1]
def insert(self, x):
self.n += 1
self.pq.append(x)
self.up(self.n)
def delMax(self):
m = self.pq[1]
self.swap(1, self.n)
self.pq.pop()
self.n -= 1
self.down(1)
return m
def maxChildInd(self, x):
# 如果右孩子为空,返回左孩子的索引
if self.right(x) > self.n:
return self.left(x)
else:
if self.less(self.left(x), self.right(x)):
return self.right(x)
else:
return self.left(x)
# 上浮第x个元素
def up(self, x):
while self.parent(x) > 0:
# 如果新节点小于父节点
if self.pq[x] > self.pq[self.parent(x)]:
self.swap(self.parent(x), x)
x = self.parent(x)
# 下浮第x个元素
def down(self, x):
while self.left(x) <= self.n:
# 返回值较大的那个的索引
tmp = self.maxChildInd(x)
if self.pq[tmp] > self.pq[x]:
self.swap(tmp, x)
x = tmp
# 交换两个元素
def swap(self, i, j):
self.pq[i],self.pq[j] = self.pq[j],self.pq[i]
# pq[i]是否比pq[j]小
def less(self, i, j):
return self.pq[i] < self.pq[j]
def buildHeap(self, alist):
self.pq = self.pq + alist
self.n = len(alist)
ind = self.n // 2
while ind > 0:
self.down(ind)
ind -= 1
maxPQ = MaxPQ()
maxPQ.buildHeap([78, 83, 82, 80, 79, 65, 84])
print("初始的pq:", maxPQ.pq)
print(maxPQ.delMax())
print(maxPQ.pq)
print(maxPQ.delMax())
print(maxPQ.pq)
print(maxPQ.delMax())
print(maxPQ.pq)
print(maxPQ.delMax())
print(maxPQ.pq)
print(maxPQ.delMax())
print(maxPQ.pq)
maxPQ.insert(67)
print("插入67之后的pq:", maxPQ.pq)
print(maxPQ.delMax())
print(maxPQ.pq)
maxPQ.insert(66)
print("插入66之后的pq:", maxPQ.pq)
print(maxPQ.delMax())
print(maxPQ.pq)
结果:
初始的pq: [0, 84, 83, 82, 80, 79, 65, 78]
84
[0, 83, 80, 82, 78, 79, 65]
83
[0, 82, 80, 65, 78, 79]
82
[0, 80, 79, 65, 78]
80
[0, 79, 78, 65]
79
[0, 78, 65]
插入67之后的pq: [0, 78, 65, 67]
78
[0, 67, 65]
插入66之后的pq: [0, 67, 65, 66]
67
[0, 66, 65]