• mysql8.0基础操作


    一、安装和配置数据库:

    下载mysql地址:https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
    windows下载的版本是installer msi版本8.0:https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/windows/installer/8.0.html
    环境变量的配置:
    	路径:C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 8.0\bin
    	环境变量配置地址:电脑——》属性——》系统属性——》高级——》环境变量——》(系统变量)Path  \ 或
            win10地址:此电脑-》属性-》高级系统设置-》高级-》环境变量-》(系统变量)Path
    
    启动命令行:windows键+R键,输入CMD
    管理员身份启动才能执行如下操作:
    启动数据库:net start mysql80
    关闭数据库:net stop mysql80
    

    二、连接数据库的方式:

    1、连接本地数据库:

    # 语法
    MySQL  -h <服务器主机名或主机地址>  \    # 访问本机数据库可不写
           -P <端口号>  \        # 默认3306端口可不写
           -u <用户名> \         # 必须写
           -p <密码>             # 必须写
    # 几种登录方式
    mysql -h localhost -u root -p    回车后输入密码
    mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -u root -p1234
    mysql -uroot -p1234
    mysql -h 39.100.75.16 -uroot -p  回车后输入密码
    
    # 注意事项
        # 对于本机操作,可以省略-h <服务器主机名或主机地址>
        # -u与<用户名>之间可以有空格,也可以没有空格
        # -p后面可以不接密码,按【Enter】键后系统会提示输入密码
        # 进去mysql后,可以输入quit或者exit来退出登录状态。
        # 如果是连接远程的数据库的话,将localhost 换为数据库服务器的ip地址。
    

    2、修改MySQL数据库服务器的登录密码

    # 登录mysql后
    mysql> set password for root@localhost='123456';
    mysql> quit
    Bye
    # 重新登录数据库时,必须使用密码123456才能登录
    

    3、navicat连接数据库:

    双击桌面快捷方式【Navicat 15 for MySQL】,启动图形管理工具Navicat for MySQL;
    在【Navicat for MySQL】窗口的工具栏的【连接】下拉列表中选择“MySQL”;
    对话框中设置连接参数,在“连接名”文本框中输入“MyConn”,然后分别输入主机名或IP地址、端口号、用户名和登录密码;
    输入完成后单击【测试连接】按钮,弹出“连接成功”的提示信息对话框,表示连接创建成功,单击【确定】按钮保存所创建的连接。
    在【Navicat for MySQL】窗口中的【文件】菜单中选择【打开连接】命令。

    三、关于数据库的操作

    每一条SQL语句都以半角分号“;”或“\g”或“\G”作为结束标志.

    # 查看当前所有的数据库:show databases;
    	mysql、information_schema、perfermance_schema、sys这四个是系统自带的数据库,不用动它。
    
    # 创建数据库:
    Create { Database | Schema } [ If Not Exists ] <数据库名称> [ [ Default ] Character Set <字符集名称> | [ Default ] Collate <排序规则名称> ]
    # 创建示例
    mysql> CREATE DATABASE `MallDB` CHARACTER SET 'utf8' COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci';
    mysql> create database schooldb charset ascii;
    # If Not Exists为可选项,创建数据库的语句中包含了“If Not Exists”,表示如果待创建的数据库不存在则创建,存在则不创建,作用是避免存在同名的数据库时,出现错误提示信息的情况。
    mysql> create database if not exists studentdb;
    Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
    mysql> create database studentdb;
    ERROR 1007 (HY000): Cant create database 'studentdb'; database exists
    
    # 打开数据库:use 数据库名;
    mysql> use studentdb;
    Database changed
    
    # 查看单个数据库信息: show create database 数据库名;
    mysql> show create database studentdb;
    +-----------+------------------------------------------+
     Database    Create Database     
    +-----------+-------------------------------------------+
     studentdb | CREATE DATABASE `studentdb` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci */ /*!80016 DEFAULT ENCRYPTION='N' */ |
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    # 查看当前所用的数据库
    mysql> select database();
    +------------+
    | database() |
    +------------+
    | studentdb  |
    +------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    # 数据库“StudentDB”使用的端口
    mysql> show variables like 'port';
    +---------------+-------+
    | Variable_name | Value |
    +---------------+-------+
    | port          | 3306  |
    +---------------+-------+
    1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
    
    # 数据库文件的存放路径
    mysql> show variables like '%datadir%';
    +---------------+---------------------------------------------+
    | Variable_name | Value                                       |
    +---------------+---------------------------------------------+
    | datadir       | C:\ProgramData\MySQL\MySQL Server 8.0\Data\ |
    +---------------+---------------------------------------------+
    1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
    
    # 查看“StudentDB”默认字符集:
    mysql> show variables like 'character%';
    +--------------------------+-------------------------------------+
    | Variable_name            | Value                                                   |
    +--------------------------+----------------------------------------+
    | character_set_client     | gbk                                                     |
    | character_set_connection | gbk                                                     |
    | character_set_database   | utf8mb4                                                 |
    | character_set_filesystem | binary                                                  |
    | character_set_results    | gbk                                                     |
    | character_set_server     | utf8mb4                                                 |
    | character_set_system     | utf8mb3                                                 |
    | character_sets_dir       | C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 8.0\share\charsets\ |
    +--------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
    
    # 数据库“StudentDB”默认的排序规则
    mysql> show variables like 'collation%';
    +----------------------+--------------------+
    | Variable_name        | Value              |
    +----------------------+--------------------+
    | collation_connection | gbk_chinese_ci     |
    | collation_database   | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
    | collation_server     | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
    +----------------------+--------------------+
    3 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
    
    # 修改数据库语法
    Alter { Database | Schema } <数据库名称> [ [ Default ] Character Set <字符集名称> | [ Default ] Collate <排序规则名称> ]
    # 修改数据库“StudentDB”的默认字符集和排序规则
    mysql> alter database studentdb character set gb2312 collate gb2312_chinese_ci;
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
    
    # 查看数据库“StudentDB”修改后的字符集和排序规则
    mysql> show variables like 'character%';
    +--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    | Variable_name            | Value                                                   |
    +--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    | character_set_client     | gbk                                                     |
    | character_set_connection | gbk                                                     |
    | character_set_database   | gb2312     # 发生变化                                      |
    | character_set_filesystem | binary                                                  |
    | character_set_results    | gbk                                                     |
    | character_set_server     | utf8mb4                                                 |
    | character_set_system     | utf8mb3                                                 |
    | character_sets_dir       | C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 8.0\share\charsets\ |
    +--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    8 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> show variables like 'collation%';
    +----------------------+--------------------+
    | Variable_name        | Value              |
    +----------------------+--------------------+
    | collation_connection | gbk_chinese_ci     |
    | collation_database   | gb2312_chinese_ci  |   #发生变化
    | collation_server     | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
    +----------------------+--------------------+
    3 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
    
    # 查看数据库的状态:
    mysql> status;
    --------------
    mysql  Ver 8.0.28 for Win64 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)
    
    Connection id:          21
    Current database:
    Current user:           root@localhost
    SSL:                    Cipher in use is TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
    Using delimiter:        ;
    Server version:         8.0.28 MySQL Community Server - GPL
    Protocol version:       10
    Connection:             localhost via TCP/IP
    Server characterset:    utf8mb4
    Db     characterset:    utf8mb4
    Client characterset:    gbk
    Conn.  characterset:    gbk
    TCP port:               3306
    Binary data as:         Hexadecimal
    Uptime:                 53 min 41 sec
    --------------
    
    # 查看MySQL的版本信息和连接用户名
    mysql> select version(),user();
    +-----------+----------------+
    | version() | user()         |
    +-----------+----------------+
    | 8.0.28    | root@localhost |
    +-----------+----------------+
    
    # 删除数据库:drop database 数据库名;
    mysql> drop database studentdb;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    # 查看系统支持的存储引擎类型:
    mysql> show engines;
    +--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
    | Engine             | Support | Comment                                                        | Transactions | XA   | Savepoints |
    +--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
    | MEMORY             | YES     | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables      | NO           | NO   | NO         |
    | MRG_MYISAM         | YES     | Collection of identical MyISAM tables                          | NO           | NO   | NO         |
    | CSV                | YES     | CSV storage engine                                             | NO           | NO   | NO         |
    | FEDERATED          | NO      | Federated MySQL storage engine                                 | NULL         | NULL | NULL       |
    | PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA | YES     | Performance Schema                                             | NO           | NO   | NO         |
    | MyISAM             | YES     | MyISAM storage engine                                          | NO           | NO   | NO         |
    | InnoDB             | DEFAULT | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys     | YES          | YES  | YES        |
    | BLACKHOLE          | YES     | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO           | NO   | NO         |
    | ARCHIVE            | YES     | Archive storage engine                                         | NO           | NO   | NO         |
    +--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
    
    # “Engine”表示存储引擎名称;
    # “Support”表示MySQL是否支持该类存储引擎;
    # “Comment”表示对该存储引擎的简要说明;
    # “Transactions”表示是否支持事务处理;
    # “XA”表示是否支持分布式交易处理;
    # “Savepoints”表示是否支持保存点,以便事务回滚到保存点。
    

    四、安装和配置centos7-mysql8.0

    安装数据库

    1)创建虚拟机
    安装vmware软件。安装secureCRT或者xshell软件。
    下载centos7.6地址:https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos-vault/7.6.1810/isos/x86_64/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1810.iso
    创建虚拟机。网络为nat模式。
    
    2)配置网络
    修改网卡:/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
    修改和添加如下配置:
    BOOTPROTO=static
    ONBOOT=yes
    IPADDR=192.168.88.101
    NETMASK=255.255.255.0
    GATEWAY=192.168.88.2
    DNS=8.8.8.8
    
    修改dns:/etc/resolv.conf
    添加如下信息:
    nameserver 8.8.8.8
    
    重启网络: systemctl restart network
    测试网络:ping www.baidu.com
    
    3)关闭防火墙和selinux
    systemctl disable firewalld
    systemctl stop firewalld
    
    修改selinux配置文件:/etc/selinux/config 
    改为:SELINUX=disabled
    让修改生效:setenforce 0
    
    4)更新yum源
    curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo  http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
    # 清理yum
    yum clean all
    yum makecache
    
    5)安装MySQL
    yum install wget
    wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm
    yum install mysql-community-server
    rpm --import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
    yum install mysql-community-server
    systemctl enable mysqld
    systemctl start mysqld
    

    配置数据库

    # 查看默认密码连接数据库
    [root@localhost ~]# grep 'password' /var/log/mysqld.log 
    2022-03-30T10:23:15.029618Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: yuD>0*FmwwtB
    [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
    
    # 修改默认密码
    mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'TestBicon@123';
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    # 修改复杂密码规则
    mysql>  set global validate_password.policy=0;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> set global validate_password.length=1;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    # 开启root远程访问
    mysql> use mysql
    mysql> update user set Host='%' where User='root';
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
    Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
    
    mysql> flush privileges;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    # 重置root的密码
    mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456789';
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> flush privileges;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    # 后面就可以用navicat软件登陆了
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiugeng/p/15954352.html
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