有限状态机HDL模板

 逻辑设计, 顾名思义, 只要理清了 逻辑 和 时序, 剩下的设计只是做填空题而已。

 下面给出了有限状态机的标准设计，分别为 VHDL 和 Verilog 代码

1  有限状态机

　　

2  VHDL模板一

library  IEEE;
use  ieee.std_logic_1164.all;

--!  1)  端口定义
entity  <entity_name> is
port
(
    DIN      :  in  <data_type>;
    RST      :  in  std_logic;
    CLK      :  in  std_logic;    
    DOUT   :  out  <data_type>
);
end  <entity_name>;

--!  2)  状态定义
architecture  <arch_name>  of  <entity_name>  is

type  state  is (IDLE, ST1, ST2, ...);
signal  c_state, n_state :  state;

begin

--！ 3) 时序逻辑
pfsmsyn:  process (rst, clk)
begin
  if (rst = '1') then
     c_state <= IDLE;
  elsif (clk'event and clk='1') then
     c_state <= n_state;
  endif;
end process;

--!  4) 组合逻辑
pfsmlogic: process (din, c_state)
begin
  case  c_state  is
    when  IDLE =>
        if (din = ...) then
            dout <= <value>;    -- 输出
            c_state <= state1;  -- 状态
        else ...
        end if;
    when  ST1 =>
        ...  ...
        ...  ...
        ...  ...
    when others =>
        ...  ...

  end case;
end process;

end  <arch_name>;

3  Verilog模板一

// 1) 端口声明
module fsm(clk, rst, ctrl, dout);
  input  clk, rst, ctrl;
  output  [n-1:0]  dout;  // n 取决于输出值的位数
  reg [n-1:0]  dout;

// 2) 状态定义
  parameter  IDLE = 0, ST1 = 1, ST2 = 2, ST3 = 3, ....;
  reg [m-1:0]  c_state, n_state;  // m 取决于‘“状态”数量的位数

// 3) 时序逻辑
always @ (posedge clk or posedge rst)
begin: SEQ
  if (rst)
    c_state = IDLE;
  else
    c_state = n_state;
end

// 4) 组合逻辑
module @ (ctrl or c_state)
begin: COMB
  case (c_state)
    IDLE: begin
              dout = <value0>;
              n_state = ST1;
            end
    ST1: begin
              dout = <value1>;
               n_state = ST2;
            end
     ST2: 
            . . .  . . .
            . . .  . . .
            . . .  . . .
   endcase
end

endmodule

参考资料：

 <Circuit Design with VHDL>  chapter 8  State Machines

 <HDL Chip Design>