Django组件 - forms组件
一、校验字段功能
利用下面一个注册新用户的示例，来学习forms表单组件的功能。
1、校验字段功能
模型：models.py
class UserInfo(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32)
email = models. CharField(max_length=32)
tel = models.CharField(max_length=32)
模板：register.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
<div>
<label for="name">用户名</label>
<p><input type="text" name="name" id="name"></p>
</div>
<div>
<label for="pwd">密码</label>
<p><input type="password" name="pwd" id="pwd"></p>
</div>
<div>
<label for="r_pwd">确认密码</label>
<p><input type="password" name="r_pwd" id="r_pwd"></p>
</div>
<div>
<label for="email">邮箱</label>
<p><input type="text" name="email" id="email"></p>
</div>
<div>
<label for="tel">手机号</label>
<p><input type="text" name="tel" id="tel"></p>
</div>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
视图函数：view.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django import forms
from django.forms import widgets
from app01.models import UserInfo
wid_01=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
wid_02=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
class UserForm(forms.Form): # 定义一个forms组件类
name=forms.CharField(max_length=32, widget=wid_01)
pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
r_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
email=forms.EmailField(widget=wid_01)
tel=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01)
def register(request):
if request.method=="POST":
form=UserForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
print(form.cleaned_data) # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值
UserInfo.objects.create(**form.cleaned_data)
else:
print(form.cleaned_data) # {"字段1":"值1","字段2":"值2"}
print(form.errors) # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]}
print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",]
return render(request,"register.html",locals())
form=UserForm()
return render(request,"register.html",locals())
2、渲染标签功能
方式一（不常用，不够灵活）：
<form action="" method="post" novalidate >
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
</form>
方式二：
<form action="" method="post" novalidate >
{% csrf_token %}
<div>
<label for="id_name">用户名</label>
{{ form.name }}
</div>
<div>
<label for="id_pwd">密码</label>
{{ form.pwd }}
</div>
<div>
<label for="id_r_pwd">确认密码</label>
{{ form.r_pwd }}
</div>
<div>
<label for="id_email"> 邮箱</label>
{{ form.email }}
</div>
<div>
<label for="id_tel"> 手机号</label>
{{ form.tel }}
</div>
<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
</form>
方式三（for循环遍历，常用）：
<form action="" method="post" novalidate >
{% csrf_token %}
{% for field in form %}
<div>
<label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>
{{ field }}
</div>
{% endfor %}
<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
</form>
3、显示错误与重置输入信息功能
模板：register.html
<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
{% for field in form %}
<div>
<label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>
{{ field }}
<span style="color: red">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>
</div>
{% endfor %}
<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default">
</form>
4、局部钩子与全局钩子
视图：views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django import forms
from django.forms import widgets
from app01.models import UserInfo
wid_01=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
wid_02=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
class UserForm(forms.Form): # 定义一个forms组件类
name=forms.CharField(max_length=32, widget=wid_01)
pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
r_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
email=forms.EmailField(widget=wid_01)
tel=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01)
# 局部钩子
def clean_name(self):
val=self.cleaned_data.get("name")
if not val.isdigit():
return val
else:
raise ValidationError("用户名不能是纯数字!")
# 全局钩子
def clean(self):
pwd=self.cleaned_data.get("pwd")
r_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get("r_pwd")
if pwd and r_pwd:
if pwd==r_pwd:
return self.cleaned_data
else:
raise ValidationError('两次密码不一致!')
else:
return self.cleaned_data
def register(request):
if request.method=="POST":
form=UserForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
print(form.cleaned_data) # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值
UserInfo.objects.create(**form.cleaned_data)
else:
print(form.cleaned_data) # {"字段1":"值1","字段2":"值2"}
print(form.errors) # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]}
print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",]
clean_error=form.errors.get("__all__")
return render(request,"register.html",locals())
form=UserForm()
return render(request,"register.html",locals())