• 基于python的文件监控watchdog


      实时监控第三方库watchdog,其原理通过操作系统的时间触发的,不需要循环和等待

    使用场景:

      1.监控文件系统中文件或目录的增删改情况

      2.当特定的文件被创建,删除,修改,移动时执行相应的任务

    1. 安装

    pip install watchdog

    示例:

    import re
    import os
    import logging
    from watchdog.events import FileSystemEventHandler
    from watchdog.observers import Observer
    
    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
    
    LUA_FILE_NAME = 'version_info.lua'  #Lua版本文件
    WHITELIST_FILE_NAME = 'whitelist.txt'  # 白名单文件
    
    class FileMonitorHandler(FileSystemEventHandler):
        def __init__(self, **kwargs):
            super(FileMonitorHandler, self).__init__(**kwargs)
            # 监控目录 目录下面以device_id为目录存放各自的图片
            self._watch_path = game_path
    
        # 重写文件改变函数,文件改变都会触发文件夹变化
        def on_modified(self, event):
            if not event.is_directory:  # 文件改变都会触发文件夹变化
                file_path = event.src_path
                logging.info("file changed: %s " % file_path)
                file_name = os.path.split(file_path)[-1]
                # 白名单或者配置文件修改,则触发事件
                if file_name == LUA_FILE_NAME:  # lua文件发生变化
                    # 验证该目录下是否存在白名单文件
                    whitelist_file, is_exists = check_file_exists(file_path, WHITELIST_FILE_NAME)
                    if not is_exists:  # 不存在白名单,则不进行修改操作
                        logging.info(f'{whitelist_file} not exists')
                    else:
                        # 读取文件进行替换操作
                        whitelist_handler(file_path, whitelist_file)
                elif file_name == WHITELIST_FILE_NAME:  # 白名单文件发生变化
                    # 验证配置文件是否存在
                    lua_file, is_exists = check_file_exists(file_path, LUA_FILE_NAME)
                    if not is_exists:  # 不存在Lua文件
                        logging.info(f'{lua_file} not exists')
                    else:
                        whitelist_handler(lua_file, file_path)
            else:
                logging.info('Director changed')
    
        def on_created(self, event):
            pass
    
    
    def check_file_exists(path, file_name):
        """
        验证文件的存在性
        """
        file_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(path), file_name)
        is_exists = os.path.isfile(file_path)
        return file_path, is_exists
    
    def replace_content(lua_file, new_str):
        with open(lua_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f1, open("%s.bak" % lua_file, "w", encoding='utf-8') as f2:
            old_content = f1.read()
            if 'testId' in old_content:
                # 进行正则匹配
                pattern = re.compile(r'testId = "(.*?)"', re.M | re.S)
                new_content = re.sub(pattern, f'testId = "{new_str}"', old_content)
                logging.info('Old content:%s' % old_content)
                logging.info('New content:%s' % new_content)
                f2.write(new_content)
    
        os.remove(lua_file)
        os.rename("%s.bak" % lua_file, lua_file)
    
    
    def whitelist_handler(lua_file, whitelist_file):
        """
        白名单处理
        """
        with open(whitelist_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            whitelist_content = f.read().replace("
    ", "")
        logging.info(f'Replace content: lua_file->{lua_file} whitelist content->{whitelist_content}')
        replace_content(lua_file, whitelist_content)
    
    def main():
        event_handler = FileMonitorHandler()
        observer = Observer()
        observer.schedule(event_handler, path=game_path, recursive=True)  # recursive递归的
        observer.start()
        observer.join()
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        global game_path
        game_path = '/test2/files'
        main()

    常见问题:

      1. OSError: inotify watch limit reached 错误

      在添加监控任务之后, 发现出现这个错误, 是因为已经达到了inotify监控的一个上限值

      查看目前的上限值:

    cat /proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches
     默认是8192

      解决:

    1)临时生效
    echo 81920 > /proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches
    
    2)永久
    在 /etc/sysctl.conf 中添加一行:
    fs.inotify.max_user_watches=99999999
    修改后保存
     立即生效    sysctl -p
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xingxia/p/python_watchdog.html
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