BroadcastReceiver 用于异步接收广播Intent。主要有两大类,用于接收广播的:
正常广播 Normal broadcasts(用 Context.sendBroadcast
()发送)是完全异步的。它们都运行在一个未定义的顺序,通常是在同一时间。这样会更有效,但意味着receiver不能包含所要使用的结果或中止的API。
有序广播 Ordered broadcasts(用 Context.sendOrderedBroadcast()
发送)每次被发送到一个receiver。所谓有序,就是每个receiver执行后可以传播到下一个receiver,也可以完全中止传播——不传播给其他receiver。 而receiver运行的顺序可以通过matched intent-filter 里面的android:priority来控制,当priority优先级相同的时候,Receiver以任意的顺序运行。
要注意的是,即使是Normal broadcasts,系统在某些情况下可能会恢复到一次传播给一个receiver。 特别是receiver可能需要创建一个进程,为了避免系统超载,只能一次运行一个receiver。
Broadcast Receiver 并没有提供可视化的界面来显示广播信息。可以使用Notification和Notification Manager来实现可视化的信息的界面,显示广播信息的内容,图标及震动信息。
生命周期
一个BroadcastReceiver 对象只有在被调用onReceive(Context, Intent)的才有效的,当从该函数返回后,该对象就无效的了,结束生命周期。
因此从这个特征可以看出,在所调用的onReceive(Context, Intent)函数里,不能有过于耗时的操作,不能使用线程来执行。对于耗时的操作,请start service来完成。因为当得到其他异步操作所返回的结果时,BroadcastReceiver 可能已经无效了。
发送广播
事件的广播比较简单,构建Intent对象,可调用sendBroadcast(Intent)方法将广播发出。另外还有sendOrderedBroadcast(),sendStickyBroadcast()等方法,请查阅API Doc。
1.new Intent with action name
Intent intent = new Intent(String action);
或者 只是new Intent, 然后
intent.setAction(String action);
2.set data等准备好了后,in activity,
sendBroadcast(Intent); // 发送广播
接收广播
通过定义一个继承BroadcastReceiver类来实现,继承该类后覆盖其onReceiver方法,并在该方法中响应事件。
public class SMSReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
// get data from SMS intent
Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();
if (bundle != null){
// get message by "pdus"
Object[] objArray = (Object[]) bundle.get("pdus");
// rebuild SMS
SmsMessage[] messages = new SmsMessage[objArray.length];
for (int i=0; i < objArray.length; i++){
messages[i] = SmsMessage.createFromPdu((byte[])objArray[i]);
StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder("from: ");
str.append(messages[i].getDisplayOriginatingAddress());
str.append("\nmessage:\n");
str.append(messages[i].getDisplayMessageBody());
Toast.makeText(context, str.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG)
.show();
}
}
}
}
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
// get data from SMS intent
Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();
if (bundle != null){
// get message by "pdus"
Object[] objArray = (Object[]) bundle.get("pdus");
// rebuild SMS
SmsMessage[] messages = new SmsMessage[objArray.length];
for (int i=0; i < objArray.length; i++){
messages[i] = SmsMessage.createFromPdu((byte[])objArray[i]);
StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder("from: ");
str.append(messages[i].getDisplayOriginatingAddress());
str.append("\nmessage:\n");
str.append(messages[i].getDisplayMessageBody());
Toast.makeText(context, str.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG)
.show();
}
}
}
}
注册Receiver
注册有两种方式:
1. 静态方式,在AndroidManifest.xml的application里面定义receiver并设置要接收的action。
1. 静态方式,在AndroidManifest.xml的application里面定义receiver并设置要接收的action。
<receiver android:name=".SMSReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED" />
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED" />
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
2. 动态方式, 在activity里面调用函数来注册,和静态的内容差不多。一个形参是receiver,另一个是IntentFilter,其中里面是要接收的action。
public class HelloDemo extends Activity {
private BroadcastReceiver receiver;
@Override
protected void onStart() {
super.onStart();
receiver = new CallReceiver();
registerReceiver(receiver, new IntentFilter("android.intent.action.PHONE_STATE"));
}
@Override
protected void onStop() {
unregisterReceiver(receiver);
super.onStop();
}
}
private BroadcastReceiver receiver;
@Override
protected void onStart() {
super.onStart();
receiver = new CallReceiver();
registerReceiver(receiver, new IntentFilter("android.intent.action.PHONE_STATE"));
}
@Override
protected void onStop() {
unregisterReceiver(receiver);
super.onStop();
}
}
一个receiver可以接收多个action的,即可以有多个intent-filter,需要在onReceive里面对intent.getAction(action name)进行判断。
静态注册方式,由系统来管理receiver,而且程序里的所有receiver,可以在xml里面一目了然,但这样会消耗内存,即使应用程序退出,只要有广播传来,系统会自动启动。而动态注册方式,隐藏在代码中,比较难发现,且生命周期是跟随应用程序的。
而且动态注册,需要特别注意的是,在退出程序前要记得调用Context.unregisterReceiver()方法。一般在activity的onStart()里面进行注册, onStop()里面进行注销。官方提醒,如果在Activity.onResume()里面注册了,就必须在Activity.onPause()注销。
而且动态注册,需要特别注意的是,在退出程序前要记得调用Context.unregisterReceiver()方法。一般在activity的onStart()里面进行注册, onStop()里面进行注销。官方提醒,如果在Activity.onResume()里面注册了,就必须在Activity.onPause()注销。
Permission权限
要接收某些action,需要在AndroidManifest.xml里面添加相应的permission。例如接收SMS:
要接收某些action,需要在AndroidManifest.xml里面添加相应的permission。例如接收SMS:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS" />
下面给出动态注册的接收来电的广播处理的CallReceiver的代码:
一种方式是直接读取intent.getStringExtra("incoming_number")来获取来电号码:
public class CallReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
TelephonyManager teleManager = (TelephonyManager) context.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
switch(teleManager.getCallState()){
case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_RINGING: //响铃
Toast.makeText(context, "Ringing: " + intent.getStringExtra("incoming_number"), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
break;
case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_OFFHOOK: //接听
Toast.makeText(context, "OffHook: " + intent.getStringExtra("incoming_number"), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
break;
case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_IDLE: //挂断
Toast.makeText(m_context, "Idle: " + incomingNumber, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
break;
}
}
}
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
TelephonyManager teleManager = (TelephonyManager) context.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
switch(teleManager.getCallState()){
case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_RINGING: //响铃
Toast.makeText(context, "Ringing: " + intent.getStringExtra("incoming_number"), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
break;
case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_OFFHOOK: //接听
Toast.makeText(context, "OffHook: " + intent.getStringExtra("incoming_number"), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
break;
case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_IDLE: //挂断
Toast.makeText(m_context, "Idle: " + incomingNumber, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
break;
}
}
}
另一种方式是通过PhoneStateListener的onCallStateChanged来监听状态的变化:
public class CallReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
private Context m_context;
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
m_context = context;
TelephonyManager teleManager = (TelephonyManager) context.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
teleManager.listen(new PhoneStateListener(){
@Override
public void onCallStateChanged(int state, String incomingNumber) {
switch(state){
case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_RINGING: //响铃
Toast.makeText(m_context, "Ringing: " + incomingNumber, Toast.LENGTH_LONG)
.show();
break;
case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_OFFHOOK: //接听
Toast.makeText(m_context, "OffHook: " + incomingNumber, Toast.LENGTH_LONG)
.show();
break;
case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_IDLE: //挂断
Toast.makeText(m_context, "Idle: " + incomingNumber, Toast.LENGTH_LONG)
.show();
break;
}
}}, PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_CALL_STATE);
}
}
private Context m_context;
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
m_context = context;
TelephonyManager teleManager = (TelephonyManager) context.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
teleManager.listen(new PhoneStateListener(){
@Override
public void onCallStateChanged(int state, String incomingNumber) {
switch(state){
case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_RINGING: //响铃
Toast.makeText(m_context, "Ringing: " + incomingNumber, Toast.LENGTH_LONG)
.show();
break;
case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_OFFHOOK: //接听
Toast.makeText(m_context, "OffHook: " + incomingNumber, Toast.LENGTH_LONG)
.show();
break;
case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_IDLE: //挂断
Toast.makeText(m_context, "Idle: " + incomingNumber, Toast.LENGTH_LONG)
.show();
break;
}
}}, PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_CALL_STATE);
}
}
因为这里监听的是通话的状态变化,所以这个receiver会被调用3次。
监听通话状态需要加上权限:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE"/>
小结:
1. 对于sendBroadCast的intent对象,需要设置其action name;
2. 推荐使用显式指明receiver,在配置文件AndroidManifest.xml指明;
3. 一个receiver可以接收多个action;
2. 推荐使用显式指明receiver,在配置文件AndroidManifest.xml指明;
3. 一个receiver可以接收多个action;
4. 每次接收广播都会重新生成一个接收广播的对象,再次调用onReceive;
5. 在BroadCast 中尽量不要处理太多逻辑问题,建议复杂的逻辑交给Activity 或者 Service 去处理。