ThreadLocal是什么?
ThreadLocal是一个线程内部存储类,提供线程内部存储功能,在一个ThreadLocal对象中,每一个线程都存储各自独立的数据,互不干扰
示例如下:
public class ThreadLocalTest { @Test public void test() throws InterruptedException { ThreadLocal<Integer> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<>(); Thread thread1 = new Thread(new MyTask(threadLocal, 10)); Thread thread2 = new Thread(new MyTask(threadLocal, 100)); thread1.start(); thread2.start(); thread1.join(); thread2.join(); } } class MyTask implements Runnable { private ThreadLocal<Integer> threadLocal; private int value; public MyTask(ThreadLocal<Integer> threadLocal, int value) { this.threadLocal = threadLocal; this.value = value; } @Override public void run() { threadLocal.set(++value); System.out.println(threadLocal.get()); } }
源码分析
get()方法
public T get() { // ThreadLocalMap是ThreadLocal中的一个类内部类,而每一个Thread实例都拥有一个ThreadLocalMap实例变量用来存储线程的内部数据 Thread t = Thread.currentThread(); // 获取线程实例变量ThreadLocalMap ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t); // 如果map!=null则表示Thread中的ThreadLocalMap之前已经实例过 if (map != null) { // ThreadLocalMap实例中有数组实例Entry[] table用于存储真正的数据,key为ThreadLocal,value为存储的值,所以一个线程可以同时维护多个ThreadLocal ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this); if (e != null) { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") T result = (T)e.value; return result; } }
// 初始化ThreadLocalMap实例 return setInitialValue(); }
// getMap就是获取当前线程下的ThreadLocalMap实例 ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) { return t.threadLocals; }
// 根据ThreadLocal获取对应的value private Entry getEntry(ThreadLocal<?> key) {
// 内部存储为数组形式,通过就算key的hashCode进而确认索引位置 int i = key.threadLocalHashCode & (table.length - 1); Entry e = table[i]; if (e != null && e.get() == key) return e; else return getEntryAfterMiss(key, i, e); } // 如果map为null,则初始化ThreadLocalMap private T setInitialValue() { T value = initialValue(); Thread t = Thread.currentThread(); ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t); if (map != null) map.set(this, value); else createMap(t, value); return value; }
真实数据是存储在Thread对象的ThreadLocalMap实例中,所以每个线程都维护自己的内部数据,当有多个ThreadLocal时,每个ThreadLocal根据hashCode匹配到一个索引存储
set()方法
public void set(T value)
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t); if (map != null) map.set(this, value); else createMap(t, value); } private void set(ThreadLocal<?> key, Object value) { // We don't use a fast path as with get() because it is at // least as common to use set() to create new entries as // it is to replace existing ones, in which case, a fast // path would fail more often than not. Entry[] tab = table; int len = tab.length;
// 计算索引值 int i = key.threadLocalHashCode & (len-1); // ThreadLocalMap使用线性探测法来解决哈希冲突,假设计算后的i为10,该位置k不为null且与key不相等,则匹配索引为11的位置,一直重复下去直到可以插入为止
// 当然这里不会出现走了一个循环还没有空位置可以插入 for (Entry e = tab[i]; e != null; e = tab[i = nextIndex(i, len)]) { ThreadLocal<?> k = e.get(); // 将新设置的值替换旧值 if (k == key) { e.value = value; return; } // 该位置没被占用,则存入新的值 if (k == null) { replaceStaleEntry(key, value, i); return; } } // 查到为空的位置插入数据 tab[i] = new Entry(key, value); int sz = ++size;
// 判断是否需要扩容 if (!cleanSomeSlots(i, sz) && sz >= threshold) rehash(); }
应用实例:
当使用spring框架支持数据库事务时,需要将获取的数据库连接与当前线程绑定在一起,这时应用的就是ThreadLocal保存线程内部数据的特性,多次操作数据库使用的都是同个连接,这样才能保证事务的完成。