• sqlserver 行转列


    --1 首先我们先创建一个测试表,往里面插入测试数据,返回表记录如图2所示:
    --创建测试表
    CREATE TABLE [dbo].[TestRows2Columns](
        [Id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
        [UserName] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
        [Subject] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
        [Source] [numeric](18,0) NULL
    )
    GO
    
    --插入测试数据
    INSERT INTO [TestRows2Columns] ([UserName],[Subject],[Source]) 
        SELECT N'张三',N'语文',60  UNION ALL
        SELECT N'李四',N'数学',70  UNION ALL
        SELECT N'王五',N'英语',80  UNION ALL
        SELECT N'王五',N'数学',75  UNION ALL
        SELECT N'王五',N'语文',57  UNION ALL
        SELECT N'李四',N'语文',80  UNION ALL
        SELECT N'张三',N'英语',100
    GO
    
    SELECT * FROM [TestRows2Columns]
    
     
    
    --2  先以静态的方式实现行转列,效果如图3所示:
    --静态sql行转列
    SELECT [UserName],
    SUM(CASE [Subject] WHEN '数学' THEN [Source] ELSE 0 END) AS '[数学]',
    SUM(CASE [Subject] WHEN '英语' THEN [Source] ELSE 0 END) AS '[英语]',
    SUM(CASE [Subject] WHEN '语文' THEN [Source] ELSE 0 END) AS '[语文]'     
    FROM [TestRows2Columns]
    GROUP BY [UserName]
    GO
     
    --3 接着以动态的方式实现行转列,这是使用拼接SQL的方式实现的,所以它适用于SQL Server 2000以上的数据库版本,执行脚本返回的结果如图2所示;
    --动态拼接行转列
    DECLARE @sql VARCHAR(8000)
    SET @sql = 'SELECT [UserName],'   
    SELECT @sql = @sql + 'SUM(CASE [Subject] WHEN '''+[Subject]+''' THEN [Source] ELSE 0 END) AS '''+QUOTENAME([Subject])+''','   
    FROM (SELECT DISTINCT [Subject] FROM [TestRows2Columns]) AS a     
    SELECT @sql = LEFT(@sql,LEN(@sql)-1) + ' FROM [TestRows2Columns] GROUP BY [UserName]'   
    PRINT(@sql)
    EXEC(@sql)
     
     
    --4 在SQL Server 2005之后有了一个专门的PIVOT 和 UNPIVOT 关系运算符做行列之间的转换,下面是静态的方式实现的,实现效果如图4所示:
     
    --静态PIVOT行转列
    SELECT *
    FROM (
        SELECT 
            [UserName],
            [Subject],
            [Source]
        FROM TestRows2Columns
          ) p 
    PIVOT (SUM([Source]) FOR [Subject] IN ([数学],[英语],[语文])) AS pvt
    ORDER BY pvt.[UserName];
    GO
     
    --5 把上面静态的SQL基础上进行修改,这样就不用理会记录里面存储了什么,需要转成什么列名的问题了,脚本如下,效果如图4所示:
    --动态PIVOT行转列
    DECLARE @sql_str VARCHAR(8000)
    DECLARE @sql_col VARCHAR(8000)
    SELECT @sql_col = ISNULL(@sql_col + ',','') + QUOTENAME([Subject]) FROM TestRows2Columns GROUP BY [Subject]
    SET @sql_str = '
    SELECT * FROM (
        SELECT [UserName],[Subject],[Source] FROM [TestRows2Columns]) p PIVOT 
        (SUM([Source]) FOR [Subject] IN ( '+ @sql_col +') ) AS pvt 
    ORDER BY pvt.[UserName]'
    PRINT (@sql_str)
    EXEC (@sql_str)
     
     
    --6 需要不断的修改成他自己环境中表名、分组列、行转列字段、字段值这几个参数,逻辑如图5所示,所以,我继续对上面的脚本进行修改,你只要设置自己的参数就可以实现行转列了,效果如图4所示:
    --带条件查询的参数化动态PIVOT行转列
    -- =============================================
    DECLARE @sql_str NVARCHAR(MAX)
    DECLARE @sql_col NVARCHAR(MAX)
    DECLARE @sql_where NVARCHAR(MAX)
    DECLARE @tableName SYSNAME --行转列表
    DECLARE @groupColumn SYSNAME --分组字段
    DECLARE @row2column SYSNAME --行变列的字段
    DECLARE @row2columnValue SYSNAME --行变列值的字段
    SET @tableName = 'TestRows2Columns'
    SET @groupColumn = 'UserName'
    SET @row2column = 'Subject'
    SET @row2columnValue = 'Source'
    SET @sql_where = 'WHERE UserName = ''王五'''
    
    --从行数据中获取可能存在的列
    SET @sql_str = N'
    SELECT @sql_col_out = ISNULL(@sql_col_out + '','','''') + QUOTENAME(['+@row2column+']) 
        FROM ['+@tableName+'] '+@sql_where+' GROUP BY ['+@row2column+']'
    --PRINT @sql_str
    EXEC sp_executesql @sql_str,N'@sql_col_out NVARCHAR(MAX) OUTPUT',@sql_col_out=@sql_col OUTPUT
    --PRINT @sql_col
    
    SET @sql_str = N'
    SELECT * FROM (
        SELECT ['+@groupColumn+'],['+@row2column+'],['+@row2columnValue+'] FROM ['+@tableName+']'+@sql_where+') p PIVOT 
        (SUM(['+@row2columnValue+']) FOR ['+@row2column+'] IN ( '+ @sql_col +') ) AS pvt 
    ORDER BY pvt.['+@groupColumn+']'
    --PRINT (@sql_str)
    EXEC (@sql_str)
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaozhi1236/p/6346417.html
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