• 再谈时间函数


    TO_DATE格式
    Day:
    dd number 12
    dy abbreviated fri
    day spelled out friday
    ddspth spelled out, ordinal twelfth
    Month:
    mm number 03
    mon abbreviated mar
    month spelled out march
    Year:
    yy two digits 98
    yyyy four digits 1998

    24小时格式下时间范围为: 0:00:00 - 23:59:59....
    12小时格式下时间范围为: 1:00:00 - 12:59:59 ....
    1.
    日期和字符转换函数用法(to_date,to_char)

    2.
    select to_char( to_date(222,'J'),'Jsp') from dual

    显示Two Hundred Twenty-Two

    3.
    求某天是星期几
    select to_char(to_date('2002-08-26','yyyy-mm-dd'),'day') from dual;
    星期一
    select to_char(to_date('2002-08-26','yyyy-mm-dd'),'day','NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American') from dual;
    monday
    设置日期语言
    ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE='AMERICAN';
    也可以这样
    TO_DATE ('2002-08-26', 'YYYY-mm-dd', 'NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American')

    4.
    两个日期间的天数
    select floor(sysdate - to_date('20020405','yyyymmdd')) from dual;

    5. 时间为null的用法
    select id, active_date from table1
    UNION
    select 1, TO_DATE(null) from dual;

    注意要用TO_DATE(null)

    6.
    a_date between to_date('20011201','yyyymmdd') and to_date('20011231','yyyymmdd')
    那么12月31号中午12点之后和12月1号的12点之前是不包含在这个范围之内的。
    所以,当时间需要精确的时候,觉得to_char还是必要的
    7. 日期格式冲突问题
    输入的格式要看你安装的ORACLE字符集的类型, 比如: US7ASCII, date格式的类型就是: '01-Jan-01'
    alter system set NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American
    alter session set NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American
    或者在to_date中写
    select to_char(to_date('2002-08-26','yyyy-mm-dd'),'day','NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American') from dual;
    注意我这只是举了NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE,当然还有很多,
    可查看
    select * from nls_session_parameters
    select * from V$NLS_PARAMETERS

    8.
    select count(*)
    from ( select rownum-1 rnum
    from all_objects
    where rownum <= to_date('2002-02-28','yyyy-mm-dd') - to_date('2002-
    02-01','yyyy-mm-dd')+1
    )
    where to_char( to_date('2002-02-01','yyyy-mm-dd')+rnum-1, 'D' )
    not
    in ( '1', '7' )

    查找2002-02-28至2002-02-01间除星期一和七的天数
    在前后分别调用DBMS_UTILITY.GET_TIME, 让后将结果相减(得到的是1/100秒, 而不是毫秒).

    9.
    select months_between(to_date('01-31-1999','MM-DD-YYYY'),
    to_date('12-31-1998','MM-DD-YYYY')) "MONTHS" FROM DUAL;
    1

    select months_between(to_date('02-01-1999','MM-DD-YYYY'),
    to_date('12-31-1998','MM-DD-YYYY')) "MONTHS" FROM DUAL;

    1.03225806451613
    10. Next_day的用法
    Next_day(date, day)

    Monday-Sunday, for format code DAY
    Mon-Sun, for format code DY
    1-7, for format code D

    11
    select to_char(sysdate,'hh:mi:ss') TIME from all_objects
    注意:第一条记录的TIME 与最后一行是一样的
    可以建立一个函数来处理这个问题
    create or replace function sys_date return date is
    begin
    return sysdate;
    end;

    select to_char(sys_date,'hh:mi:ss') from all_objects;
    12.
    获得小时数

    SELECT EXTRACT(HOUR FROM TIMESTAMP '2001-02-16 2:38:40') from offer
    SQL> select sysdate ,to_char(sysdate,'hh') from dual;

    SYSDATE TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'HH')
    -------------------- ---------------------
    2003-10-13 19:35:21 07

    SQL> select sysdate ,to_char(sysdate,'hh24') from dual;

    SYSDATE TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'HH24')
    -------------------- -----------------------
    2003-10-13 19:35:21 19

    获取年月日与此类似
    13.
    年月日的处理
    select older_date,
    newer_date,
    years,
    months,
    abs(
    trunc(
    newer_date-
    add_months( older_date,years*12+months )
    )
    ) days
    from ( select
    trunc(months_between( newer_date, older_date )/12) YEARS,
    mod(trunc(months_between( newer_date, older_date )),
    12 ) MONTHS,
    newer_date,
    older_date
    from ( select hiredate older_date,
    add_months(hiredate,rownum)+rownum newer_date
    from emp )
    )

    14.
    处理月份天数不定的办法
    select to_char(add_months(last_day(sysdate) +1, -2), 'yyyymmdd'),last_day(sysdate) from dual

    16.
    找出今年的天数
    select add_months(trunc(sysdate,'year'), 12) - trunc(sysdate,'year') from dual

    闰年的处理方法
    to_char( last_day( to_date('02' || :year,'mmyyyy') ), 'dd' )
    如果是28就不是闰年

    17.
    yyyy与rrrr的区别
    'YYYY99 TO_C
    ------- ----
    yyyy 99 0099
    rrrr 99 1999
    yyyy 01 0001
    rrrr 01 2001

    18.不同时区的处理
    select to_char( NEW_TIME( sysdate, 'GMT','EST'), 'dd/mm/yyyy hh:mi:ss') ,sysdate
    from dual;

    19.
    5秒钟一个间隔
    Select TO_DATE(FLOOR(TO_CHAR(sysdate,'SSSSS')/300) * 300,'SSSSS') ,TO_CHAR(sysdate,'SSSSS')
    from dual

    2002-11-1 9:55:00 35786
    SSSSS表示5位秒数

    20.
    一年的第几天
    select TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DDD'),sysdate from dual
    310 2002-11-6 10:03:51

    21.计算小时,分,秒,毫秒
    select
    Days,
    A,
    TRUNC(A*24) Hours,
    TRUNC(A*24*60 - 60*TRUNC(A*24)) Minutes,
    TRUNC(A*24*60*60 - 60*TRUNC(A*24*60)) Seconds,
    TRUNC(A*24*60*60*100 - 100*TRUNC(A*24*60*60)) mSeconds
    from
    (
    select
    trunc(sysdate) Days,
    sysdate - trunc(sysdate) A
    from dual
    )


    select * from tabname
    order by decode(mode,'FIFO',1,-1)*to_char(rq,'yyyymmddhh24miss');

    //
    floor((date2-date1) /365) 作为年
    floor((date2-date1, 365) /30) 作为月
    mod(mod(date2-date1, 365), 30)作为日.
    23.next_day函数
    next_day(sysdate,6)是从当前开始下一个星期五。后面的数字是从星期日开始算起。
    1 2 3 4 5 6 7
    日 一 二 三 四 五 六


    Oracle/PLSQL: Trunc Function (with dates)


    In Oracle/PLSQL, the trunc function returns a date truncated to a specific unit of measure.

    The syntax for the trunc function is:

    trunc ( date,  [ format ] )

    date is the date to truncate.

    format is the unit of measure to apply for truncating.  If the format parameter is omitted, the trunc function will truncate the date to the day value, so that any hours, minutes, or seconds will be truncated off.

    Below are the valid format parameters:

    Unit Valid format parameters
    Year SYYYY, YYYY, YEAR, SYEAR, YYY, YY, Y
    ISO Year IYYY, IY, I
    Quarter Q
    Month MONTH, MON, MM, RM
    Week WW
    IW IW
    W W
    Day DDD, DD, J 
    Start day of the week DAY, DY, D
    Hour HH, HH12, HH24
    Minute MI

    For example:

    trunc (to_date ('22-AUG-03'), 'YEAR') would return '01-JAN-03'
    trunc (to_date ('22-AUG-03'), 'Q') would return '01-JUL-03'
    trunc (to_date ('22-AUG-03'), 'MONTH') would return '01-AUG-03'
    trunc (to_date ('22-AUG-03'), 'DDD') would return '22-AUG-03'
    trunc (to_date ('22-AUG-03'), 'DAY') would return '17-AUG-03'

      

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaotaoliang/p/111827.html
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