• CentOS7 vsftpd 安装及配置


    0x:卸载vsftpd

    [root@localhost ~]# yum remove vsftpd
    [root@localhost ~]# find / -name "vsftpd*"
    /etc/vsftpd
    /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf.bak
    [root@localhost ~]# rm -fr /etc/vsftpd/
    View Code

    1x:重新安装

    [root@localhost home]#yum -y install vsftpd
    [root@localhost home]# systemctl start vsftpd.service
    [root@localhost home]# systemctl status vsftpd.service
    ● vsftpd.service - Vsftpd ftp daemon
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
       Active: active (running) since Thu 2017-11-09 21:15:18 EST; 8s ago
      Process: 5716 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
     Main PID: 5717 (vsftpd)
       CGroup: /system.slice/vsftpd.service
               └─5717 /usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
               
    Nov 09 21:15:18 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Vsftpd ftp daemon...
    Nov 09 21:15:18 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Vsftpd ftp daemon.
    Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
    View Code

    Active: active (running) 说明安装已完成

    2x:本地用户配置

    [root@localhost vsftpd]# useradd test1
    [root@localhost vsftpd]# passwd test1
    Changing password for user test1.
    New password:
    BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
    Retype new password:
    passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

    添加test1本地帐户,下面是用业查询本地帐号,及黑名单

    [root@localhost vsftpd]# cat /etc/passwd
    [root@localhost vsftpd]# vi /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers
    [root@localhost vsftpd]# vi /etc/vsftpd/user_list
    [root@localhost vsftpd]# cat /etc/passwd
    root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
    bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
    daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
    adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
    lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
    sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
    shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
    halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
    mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
    operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
    games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
    ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
    nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
    systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
    dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
    polkitd:x:999:997:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
    postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
    chrony:x:998:996::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin
    sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
    mysql:x:27:27:MySQL Server:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/bash
    www:x:1000:1000::/home/www:/bin/bash
    nginx:x:997:995:nginx user:/var/cache/nginx:/sbin/nologin
    virtual:x:1001:1001::/home/ftpsite:/bin/bash
    virtual1:x:1002:1002::/home/ftpsite:/bin/bash
    vsftpd:x:1003:1003::/home/vsftpd:/sbin/nologin
    overlord:x:1004:1004::/home/overlord:/sbin/nologin
    test1:x:1005:1005::/home/test1:/bin/bash
    
    [root@localhost vsftpd]# vi /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers
    # Users that are not allowed to login via ftp
    root
    bin
    daemon
    adm
    lp
    sync
    shutdown
    halt
    mail
    news
    uucp
    operator
    games
    nobody
    [root@localhost vsftpd]# vi /etc/vsftpd/user_list
    # vsftpd userlist
    # If userlist_deny=NO, only allow users in this file
    # If userlist_deny=YES (default), never allow users in this file, and
    # do not even prompt for a password.
    # Note that the default vsftpd pam config also checks /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers
    # for users that are denied.
    root
    bin
    daemon
    adm
    lp
    sync
    shutdown
    halt
    mail
    news
    uucp
    operator
    games
    nobody
    View Code

    现在使用Windows ftp 来登录及测试

    C:Usersxiaor>ftp 192.168.5.147
    连接到 192.168.5.147220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
    200 Always in UTF8 mode.
    用户(192.168.5.147:(none)): test1
    331 Please specify the password.
    密码:
    230 Login successful.
    ftp> pwd
    257 "/home/test1"
    ftp> ls
    200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
    150 Here comes the directory listing.
    226 Directory send OK.
    ftp>
    [root@localhost vsftpd]# touch /home/test1/showme.txt
    ftp> ls
    200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
    150 Here comes the directory listing.
    showme.txt
    226 Directory send OK.
    ftp: 收到 15 字节,用时 0.00秒 15.00千字节/秒。
    ftp>
    ftp> get showme.txt
    200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
    150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for showme.txt (0 bytes).
    226 Transfer complete.
    ftp>
    ftp> put winfile1.txt
    200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
    150 Ok to send data.
    226 Transfer complete.
    ftp: 发送 9 字节,用时 0.00秒 4.50千字节/秒。
    ftp>
    [root@localhost vsftpd]# ls /home/test1/
    showme.txt  winfile1.txt

    坚信vsftp安装后不对/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf做任何修改就可以通过新建的Linux用户(本地用户)访问下载和上传文件。

    其它与次无关

    cat /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
    
    userlist_enable=YES
    userlist_deny=NO
    userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd/user_list
    
    tcpdump -i eth0 src host hostname(明文)
    
    touch /home/test1/test1.txt
    
    local_root=/tmp/test1_root/
    local_max_rate=0
    
    groupadd tg
    gpasswd -a test1 tg
    chown root:tg /tmp/test1_root/
    chmod 775 /tmp/test1_root/
    ll /temp/
    
    
    chroot_local_user=YES
    chroot_list_enable=YES
    # (default follows)
    chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
    View Code

    3x:匿名用户配置

    [root@localhost vsftpd]# vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
    anonymous_enable=YES
    anon_upload_enable=YES
    anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
    [root@localhost vsftpd]# systemctl restart vsftpd
    [root@localhost vsftpd]# touch /var/ftp/pub/lm.txt
    [root@localhost vsftpd]# chown ftp /var/ftp/pub

    服务器配置上面的就可以访问并上传文件到pub目录下

    可能会出现的问题:

    1、想当然给 ftp用户 /var/ftp/目录 权限出现下面问题

    [root@localhost vsftpd]# chown ftp /var/ftp/
    [root@localhost vsftpd]# ll -d /var/ftp/
    drwxr-xr-x. 3 ftp root 4096 Nov 10 17:03 /var/ftp/
    C:Usersxiaor>ftp 192.168.5.147
    连接到 192.168.5.147220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
    200 Always in UTF8 mode.
    用户(192.168.5.147:(none)): anonymous
    331 Please specify the password.
    密码:
    500 OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot()
    远程主机关闭连接。
    View Code

    解决方法:

    [root@localhost vsftpd]# chown root /var/ftp
    [root@localhost vsftpd]# chown ftp/var/ftp/pub
    View Code

    2、Windows CMD(命令行)会出下面错误及处理 

    C:Usersxiaor>ftp 192.168.5.147
    连接到 192.168.5.147220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
    200 Always in UTF8 mode.
    用户(192.168.5.147:(none)): anonymous
    331 Please specify the password.
    密码:
    230 Login successful.
    ftp>
    ftp> ls
    200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
    425 Failed to establish connection.
    ftp>
    View Code

    解决方法:

    可以在ftp下使用命令:quote PASV  。

    4x:虚拟用户配置(重头戏,最推荐)

    1、添加虚拟用户口令文件并生成认证文件 

    [root@localhost vsftpd]# vi /etc/vsftpd/vuser.txt
    [root@localhost vsftpd]# yum -y install db4-utils
    [root@localhost vsftpd]# db_load -T -t hash -f /etc/vsftpd/vuser.txt /etc/vsftpd/vuser.db

    2、编辑vsftpd的PAM认证文件

    [root@localhost vsftpd]# vi /etc/pam.d/vsftpd
    在其文件中添加下面两行,并注释其它行
    auth required
    /lib64/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vuser account required /lib64/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vuser #%PAM-1.0 #session optional pam_keyinit.so force revoke #auth required pam_listfile.so item=user sense=deny file=/etc/vsftpd/ftpusers onerr=succeed #auth required pam_shells.so #auth include password-auth #account include password-auth #session required pam_loginuid.so #session include password-auth auth required /lib64/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vuser account required /lib64/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vuser

    3、建立本地映射用户并设置宿主目录权限

    [root@localhost vsftpd]# useradd -d /home/vftproot -s /sbin/nologin vuser
    [root@localhost vsftpd]# ll /home/
    [root@localhost vsftpd]# chmod 555 /home/vftproot/
    [root@localhost vsftpd]# ll /home/

    4、修改配置文件,重启vsftpd服务,并测试

    [root@localhost vsftpd]# vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
    guest_enable=YES
    guest_username=vuser
    pam_service_name=vsftpd
    [root@localhost vsftpd]# systemctl restart vsftpd.service

    5、调整虚拟用户权限,并继续设置:到此下载可以但上传是不是行的

    [root@localhost vsftpd]# vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
    anonymous_enable=NO
    local_enable=YES
    
    anon_upload_enable=YES
    anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
    anon_other_write_enable=YES
    [root@localhost_centos vsftpd]# systemctl restart vsftpd.service

     [root@localhost vsftpd]# mkdir /home/vftproot/pub
     [root@localhost vsftpd]# chmod 777 /home/vftproot/pub
     [root@localhost vsftpd]# ll -d /home//vftproot/pub
     drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 4096 Nov 12 16:33 /home//vftproot/pub

     至此虚拟用户上传也是可以了!

    C:Usersxiaor>ftp 192.168.5.147
    连接到 192.168.5.147220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
    200 Always in UTF8 mode.
    用户(192.168.5.147:(none)): ftpxrl
    331 Please specify the password.
    密码:
    230 Login successful.
    ftp> ls
    200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
    150 Here comes the directory listing.
    pub
    t1.txt
    226 Directory send OK.
    ftp: 收到 16 字节,用时 0.00秒 16000.00千字节/秒。
    ftp> cd pub
    250 Directory successfully changed.
    ftp> put abc.txt
    200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
    150 Ok to send data.
    226 Transfer complete.
    ftp>
    View Code

    6、设置可能会碰到的问题

    A、500 OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot()

    C:Usersxiaor>ftp 192.168.5.147
    连接到 192.168.5.147220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
    200 Always in UTF8 mode.
    用户(192.168.5.147:(none)): ftpxrl
    331 Please specify the password.
    密码:
    500 OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot()
    远程主机关闭连接。
    View Code
    [root@localhost vsftpd]# chmod 555 /home/vftproot/
    C:Usersxiaor>ftp 192.168.5.147
    连接到 192.168.5.147220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
    200 Always in UTF8 mode.
    用户(192.168.5.147:(none)): ftpxrl
    331 Please specify the password.
    密码:
    230 Login successful.
    ftp>
    View Code

    B、530 Login incorrect

    解决办法:/etc/pam.d/下面的vsftpd里面的/lib 修改为/lib64

    C、设置为被动模式可能会出问题(千万不要去telnet 你加的端口号:因为要主动监听才可以):

    500 OOPS: could not read chroot() list file:/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

    解决方法:

    #vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
    #文档中设置如下 chroot_local_user
    =YES chroot_list_enable=YES chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
    #vi /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
    #内容如下
    xrl
    password
    #重启一下vsftpd
    #systemctl restart vsftpd
    [root@xxxxxx vsftpd]# ftp 127.0.0.1
    Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1).
    220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
    Name (127.0.0.1:root): xrl
    331 Please specify the password.
    Password:
    230 Login successful.
    Remote system type is UNIX.
    Using binary mode to transfer files.
    ftp>
    View Code

    5x:防火墙设置

    3、配置ftp

    #vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

    #将chroot_list_enable=NO改为chroot_list_enable=YES

    #设置被动模式端口

    pasv_min_port=30000

    pasv_max_port=30000

    5、防火墙设置

    添加30000端口为被动模式用,如果要开户主动模式则需要添加20端口

    firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=30000/tcp --permanent

     firewall-cmd --reload

    通过命令:firewall-cmd --list-ports 查看开通的端口

    引用:https://blog.csdn.net/zll_0405/article/details/81208606 

    注意:不是开通了端口就可以telnet得通,要程序主动监听才行(具体百度一下吧,如果有怀疑是端口问题就右防火墙关了:systemctl stop firewalld)

    常见问题:

    1、

    550 Failed to open file.
    Requested action not taken (e.g., file or directory not found, no access).
    解决方法:原来是文件权限问题
    chmod 777 文件名

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoruilin/p/7803252.html
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