组建
-
窗口
-
弹窗
-
面板
-
文本框
-
列表框
-
按钮
-
图片
-
监听事件
-
鼠标
-
键盘事件
-
破解工具
1、简介
GUI的核心技术:Swing AWT
为什么不流行?
-
界面不美观。
-
需要jre环境。(没必要为一个5M的小游戏下载几百M的jre)
但是学了java的GUI编程,有助于了解MVC架构,了解监听。
2、AWT
2.1、Awt介绍
-
包括很多类和接口
-
元素:窗口,按钮,文本框
-
java.awt
2.2、Frame
import java.awt.*;
//GUI的第一个程序
public class TestFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 不会看源码
Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个java图形界面窗口");
// 需要设置可见性
frame.setVisible(true);
// 设置窗口大小
frame.setSize(400, 400);
// 设置背景颜色 Color
frame.setBackground(Color.yellow);
// 弹出的初始位置
frame.setLocation(300, 300);
// 设置大小固定
frame.setResizable(false);
}
}
进一步封装
import java.awt.*;
//GUI的第一个程序
public class TestFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100, 100, 200, 200, Color.BLUE);
MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(300, 100, 200, 200, Color.yellow);
MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(100, 300, 200, 200, Color.red);
MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(300, 300, 200, 200, Color.green);
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
static int id = 0;
public MyFrame(int x, int y, int w, int h, Color color){
super("MyFrame"+(++id));
setBackground(color);
setBounds(x, y, w, h);
setVisible(true);
}
}
2.3、面板Panel
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public abstract class TestPanel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
Panel panel = new Panel();
// 设置布局
frame.setLayout(null);
// 坐标
frame.setBounds(300, 300, 200, 200);
frame.setBackground(new Color(168, 123, 82));
// panel设置坐标,相对于Frame
panel.setBounds(50,50,100,100 );
panel.setBackground(new Color(68, 52, 134));
frame.add(panel);
frame.setVisible(true);
// 监听事件,监听窗口关闭事件 System.exit(0)
// 适配器模式
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
// 窗口点击关闭时需要做的事情
2.4、布局管理器
-
流式布局
import java.awt.*;
public class TestFlowLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
// 组建-按钮
Button button1 = new Button("button1");
Button button2 = new Button("button2");
Button button3 = new Button("button3");
// 设置为流式布局
//frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
//frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));
frame.setSize(200,200);
// 把按钮添加上去
frame.add(button1);
frame.add(button2);
frame.add(button3);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
-
东西南北中
import java.awt.*;
public class TestBorderLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout");
Button east = new Button("East");
Button west = new Button("West");
Button south = new Button("South");
Button north = new Button("North");
Button center = new Button("Center");
frame.add(east, BorderLayout.EAST);
frame.add(west, BorderLayout.WEST);
frame.add(south, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.add(north, BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(center, BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.setSize(200,200);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
-
表格布局
import java.awt.*;
public class TestGridLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("TestGridLayout");
Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
frame.add(btn1);
frame.add(btn2);
frame.add(btn3);
frame.add(btn4);
frame.add(btn5);
frame.add(btn6);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
总结:
-
Frame是一个顶级窗口。
-
Panel无法单独显示,必须添加到某个容器中。
-
布局管理器
-
流式
-
东西南北中
-
表格
-
-
-
大小,定位,背景颜色,定位,监听。
2.5、事件监听
事件监听:当某个事情发生的时候,干什么?
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestActionEvent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 按下按钮,触发一些事件
Frame frame = new Frame();
Button button = new Button();
// 因为,addActionListener()需要一个ActionListener,所以我们需要构造一个ActionListener
MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
button.addActionListener(myActionListener);
frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.pack();
windowClose(frame);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
// 关闭窗体事件
private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
多个按钮共用一个监听器
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestActionTwo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 两个按钮,实现一个监听
// 开始 停止
Frame frame = new Frame("开始-停止");
Button button1 = new Button("start");
Button button2 = new Button("stop");
// 可以显示的定义触发会返回的命令,如果不显示定义,则会走默认的值
// 可以多个按钮只写一个监听类
button2.setActionCommand("button2_stop");
MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();
button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);
frame.add(button1, BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(button2, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{
2.6、输入框 TextField 监听
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestTest01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyFrame();
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
public MyFrame(){
TextField textField = new TextField();
add(textField);
// 监听这个文本框输入的文字
MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();
// 按下enter 就会触发这个输入框的事件
textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);
// 设置替换编码
textField.setEchoChar('*');
setVisible(true);
pack();
}
}
class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{
2.7、简易计算器,组合+内部类回顾复习
oop原则:组合,大于继承!
目前代码:
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TextText02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator();
}
}
class Calculator extends Frame{
public Calculator(){
// 3个文本框
TextField num1 = new TextField(10);
TextField num2 = new TextField(10);
TextField num3 = new TextField(20);
// 1个按钮
Button button = new Button("=");
button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(num1, num2, num3));
// 一个标签
Label label = new Label("+");
// 布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
}
//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
// 获取三个变量
private TextField num1, num2, num3;
public MyCalculatorListener(TextField num1, TextField num2, TextField num3){
this.num1 = num1;
this.num2 = num2;
this.num3 = num3;
}
完全改造为面向对象写法:
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TextText02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator().loading();
}
}
class Calculator extends Frame{
// 属性
TextField num1, num2, num3;
// 方法
public void loading(){
num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
num2 = new TextField(10);//字符数
num3 = new TextField(20);//字符数
Button button = new Button("=");
button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(this));
Label label = new Label("+");
// 布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
}
//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
Calculator calculator = null;
public MyCalculatorListener(Calculator calculator){
this.calculator = calculator;
}
内部类:
-
更好的包装
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TextText02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator().loading();
}
}
class Calculator extends Frame{
// 属性
TextField num1, num2, num3;
// 方法
public void loading(){
num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
num2 = new TextField(10);//字符数
num3 = new TextField(20);//字符数
Button button = new Button("=");
button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener());
Label label = new Label("+");
// 布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
// 监听器类
// 内部类最大的好处,就是可以畅通无阻的访问外部的属性和方法!
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
2.8、画笔
import java.awt.*;
public class TestPaint {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyPaint().loading();
}
}
class MyPaint extends Frame{
public void loading(){
setBounds(200,200,600,600);
setVisible(true);
}
// 画笔
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
public class TestMouseListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyFrame("画点");
}
}
//自己的类
class MyFrame extends Frame {
// 用一个集合存点
ArrayList points;
public MyFrame(String title){
super(title);
setBounds(200,200,500,500);
points = new ArrayList<>();
// 鼠标监听器,正对这个窗口
this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
setVisible(true);
}
2.10、窗口监听
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestWindowListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new WindowFrame();
}
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
public WindowFrame(){
setBounds(100,100,400,400);
setVisible(true);
addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
2.11、键盘监听
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestKeyListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new KeyFrame();
}
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame{
public KeyFrame(){
setBounds(1,2,300,400);
setVisible(true);
this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
3、Swing
3.1、窗口、面板
import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class JFrameDemo { // init() public void init(){ // 顶级窗口 JFrame jf = new JFrame("这是一个JFrame窗口"); jf.setVisible(true); jf.setBounds(100,100,200,200); // 设置文字 JLabel label = new JLabel("这是一段话"); jf.add(label); label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER); // 获得一个容器 Container contentPane = jf.getContentPane(); contentPane.setBackground(Color.yellow); // 关闭窗口 jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new JFrameDemo().init(); } }
3.2、弹窗
import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; public class DialogDemo extends JFrame { public DialogDemo(){ this.setVisible(true); this.setBounds(100,100,600,600); Container contentPane = this.getContentPane(); // 绝对布局 contentPane.setLayout(null); contentPane.setBackground(Color.red); JButton button = new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框"); button.setBounds(50,50,50,50); // 点击这个按钮时,弹出一个窗口 button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { //监听器 @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { new MyDialogDemo(); } }); contentPane.add(button); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new DialogDemo(); } } class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{ public MyDialogDemo(){ this.setVisible(true); this.setBounds(500,500,500,500); Container contentPane = this.getContentPane(); contentPane.setLayout(null); contentPane.add(new JLabel("哈哈哈")); } }
3.3、标签
label
new JLabel("xxx");
图标icon
import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon { private int width; private int heigth; public IconDemo(){} public IconDemo(int width, int heigth){ this.width = width; this.heigth = heigth; } public void init(){ IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15, 15); JLabel label = new JLabel("icontest", iconDemo, SwingConstants.CENTER); Container contentPane = this.getContentPane(); contentPane.add(label); this.setVisible(true); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new IconDemo().init(); } @Override public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) { g.fillOval(x,y,width,heigth); } @Override public int getIconWidth() { return width; } @Override public int getIconHeight() { return heigth; } }
图片icon
import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; import java.net.URL; public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame { public ImageIconDemo() { // 获取图片的地址 JLabel label = new JLabel("ImageIcon"); URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("tx.jpg"); ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url); label.setIcon(imageIcon); label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER); Container contentPane = getContentPane(); contentPane.add(label); } }
3.4、面板
-
JPanel
import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame { public JPanelDemo(){ Container contentPane = this.getContentPane(); contentPane.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,2,10,10)); JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 3)); JPanel panel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 2)); JPanel panel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2, 1)); JPanel panel4 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3, 2)); panel1.add(new JButton("1")); panel1.add(new JButton("1")); panel1.add(new JButton("1")); panel2.add(new JButton("2")); panel2.add(new JButton("2")); panel3.add(new JButton("3")); panel3.add(new JButton("3")); panel4.add(new JButton("4")); panel4.add(new JButton("4")); panel4.add(new JButton("4")); panel4.add(new JButton("4")); panel4.add(new JButton("4")); panel4.add(new JButton("4")); contentPane.add(panel1); contentPane.add(panel2); contentPane.add(panel3); contentPane.add(panel4); this.setBounds(200,200,200,200); this.setVisible(true); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new JPanelDemo(); } }
-
JScrollPanel
import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame { public JScrollDemo(){ Container contentPane = this.getContentPane(); JTextArea jTextArea = new JTextArea(); jTextArea.setText("这是一个文本框"); // Scroll面板 JScrollPane jScrollPane = new JScrollPane(jTextArea); contentPane.add(jScrollPane); this.setVisible(true); this.setBounds(200,200,200,200); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new JScrollDemo(); } }
3.5、按钮
-
图片按钮
import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; import java.net.URL; public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame { public JButtonDemo01(){ Container contentPane = this.getContentPane(); // 将一个图片变为图标 URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("tx.jpg"); Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource); // 把这个图标放到按钮上 JButton button = new JButton(); button.setIcon(icon); button.setToolTipText("图片按钮"); contentPane.add(button); this.setVisible(true); this.setBounds(200,200,200,200); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new JButtonDemo01(); } }
-
单选按钮
import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; import java.net.URL; public class JButtonDemo02 extends JFrame { public JButtonDemo02(){ Container contentPane = this.getContentPane(); // 将一个图片变为图标 URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("tx.jpg"); Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource); // 单选框 JRadioButton jRadioButton1 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton1"); JRadioButton jRadioButton2 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton2"); JRadioButton jRadioButton3 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton3"); // 由于单选框只能选择一个,分组,一组中只能选择一个 ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup(); group.add(jRadioButton1); group.add(jRadioButton2); group.add(jRadioButton3); contentPane.add(jRadioButton1, BorderLayout.NORTH); contentPane.add(jRadioButton2, BorderLayout.CENTER); contentPane.add(jRadioButton3, BorderLayout.SOUTH); this.setVisible(true); this.setBounds(200,200,200,200); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new JButtonDemo02(); } }
-
复选按钮
import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; import java.net.URL; public class JButtonDemo03 extends JFrame { public JButtonDemo03(){ Container contentPane = this.getContentPane(); // 将一个图片变为图标 URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("tx.jpg"); Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource); // 多选框 JCheckBox jCheckBox1 = new JCheckBox("jCheckBox1"); JCheckBox jCheckBox2 = new JCheckBox("jCheckBox2"); contentPane.add(jCheckBox1, BorderLayout.NORTH); contentPane.add(jCheckBox2, BorderLayout.CENTER); this.setVisible(true); this.setBounds(200,200,200,200); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new JButtonDemo03(); } }
3.6、列表
-
下拉框
import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class TestComboboxDemo01 extends JFrame { public TestComboboxDemo01(){ Container contentPane = this.getContentPane(); JComboBox<Object> status = new JComboBox(); status.addItem(null); status.addItem("正在上映"); status.addItem("已下架"); status.addItem("即将上映"); contentPane.add(status); this.setVisible(true); this.setBounds(200,200,200,200); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new TestComboboxDemo01(); } }
-
列表框
import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; import java.util.Vector; public class TestComboboxDemo02 extends JFrame { public TestComboboxDemo02(){ Container contentPane = this.getContentPane(); // 生成列表的内容 Vector objects = new Vector(); objects.add("zhangsan"); objects.add("lisi"); objects.add("wangwu"); JList jList = new JList(objects); contentPane.add(jList); this.setVisible(true); this.setBounds(200,200,200,200); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new TestComboboxDemo02(); } }
-
应用场景
-
选择地区,或者一些单个选项。
-
列表,展示信息,一般是动态扩容。
-
-
3.7、文本框
-
文本框
import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class TestTestDemo01 extends JFrame { public TestTestDemo01(){ Container contentPane = this.getContentPane(); JTextField jTextField01 = new JTextField("hellow"); JTextField jTextField02 = new JTextField("world"); contentPane.add(jTextField01, BorderLayout.NORTH); contentPane.add(jTextField02, BorderLayout.SOUTH); this.setVisible(true); this.setBounds(200,200,200,200); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new TestTestDemo01(); } }
-
密码框
import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class TestTestDemo02 extends JFrame { public TestTestDemo02(){ Container contentPane = this.getContentPane(); JPasswordField jPasswordField = new JPasswordField(); //默认已经是***了 jPasswordField.setEchoChar('*'); contentPane.add(jPasswordField); this.setVisible(true); this.setBounds(200,200,200,200); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new TestTestDemo02(); } }
-
文本域
import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame { public JScrollDemo(){ Container contentPane = this.getContentPane(); JTextArea jTextArea = new JTextArea(); jTextArea.setText("这是一个文本框"); // Scroll面板 JScrollPane jScrollPane = new JScrollPane(jTextArea); contentPane.add(jScrollPane); this.setVisible(true); this.setBounds(200,200,200,200); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new JScrollDemo(); } }