转自:http://www.cnblogs.com/james6176/p/3222671.html
c++拼接字符串效率比较(+=、append、stringstream、sprintf)
最近写的程序用到大量拼接字符串,为了提高拼接效率,比较了一下+=、append、stringstream、sprintf四种拼接字符串的方法。
测试方法
比较方法是写了4个函数,分别用+=、append、stringstream、sprintf的方式来拼接字符串,拼接方法是将 s1="abcedfg",s2="hijklmn",s3="opqrst"三个字符串拼接到一起,总共循环60次。然后在main函数中依次调用这4 个函数,并打时间戳来计时。为了使时间差异更明显,可以取循环N(N可以为100或是1000000等)次调用的时间。代码如下:
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <string>
3 #include <sys/time.h>
4 #include <sstream>
5 #include <stdio.h>
6 using namespace std;
7 #define OUT_IN_REPEATE_NUM 10000
8 #define IN_REPEATE_NUM 60
9
10 string s1="abcedfg";
11 string s2="hijklmn";
12 string s3="opqrst";
13 void plusTest(string& ret)
14 {
15 for(int i=0; i<IN_REPEATE_NUM; i++)
16 {
17 ret += s1;
18 ret += s2;
19 ret += s3;
20 }
21 }
22 void appendTest(string& ret)
23 {
24 for(int i=0; i<IN_REPEATE_NUM; i++)
25 {
26 ret.append(s1);
27 ret.append(s2);
28 ret.append(s3);
29 }
30 }
31 void sprintfTest(string& ret)
32 {
33 const size_t length=26*IN_REPEATE_NUM;
34 char tmp[length];
35 char* cp = tmp;
36 size_t strLength=s1.length()+s2.length()+s3.length();
37 for(int i=0; i<IN_REPEATE_NUM; i++)
38 {
39 sprintf(cp,"%s%s%s", s1.c_str(), s2.c_str(),s3.c_str());
40 cp+=strLength;
41 }
42 ret = tmp;
43 }
44
45 void ssTest(string& ret)
46 {
47 stringstream ss;
48 for(int i=0; i<IN_REPEATE_NUM; i++)
49 {
50 ss<<s1;
51 ss<<s2;
52 ss<<s3;
53 }
54 ret = ss.str();
55 }
56 int main() {
57 string ss, plus, append, sprintf;
58 struct timeval sTime, eTime;
59
60 gettimeofday(&sTime, NULL);
61 for(int i=0; i<OUT_IN_REPEATE_NUM; i++)
62 {
63 sprintf="";
64 sprintfTest(sprintf);
65 }
66 gettimeofday(&eTime, NULL);
67 long SprintfTime = (eTime.tv_sec-sTime.tv_sec)*1000000+(eTime.tv_usec-sTime.tv_usec); //exeTime 单位是微秒
68
69 gettimeofday(&sTime, NULL);
70 for(int i=0; i<OUT_IN_REPEATE_NUM; i++)
71 {
72 append="";
73 appendTest(append);
74 }
75 gettimeofday(&eTime, NULL);
76 long AppendTime = (eTime.tv_sec-sTime.tv_sec)*1000000+(eTime.tv_usec-sTime.tv_usec); //exeTime 单位是微秒
77
78 gettimeofday(&sTime, NULL);
79 for(int i=0; i<OUT_IN_REPEATE_NUM; i++)
80 {
81 ss="";
82 ssTest(ss);
83 }
84 gettimeofday(&eTime, NULL);
85 long SsTime = (eTime.tv_sec-sTime.tv_sec)*1000000+(eTime.tv_usec-sTime.tv_usec); //exeTime 单位是微秒
86
87 gettimeofday(&sTime, NULL);
88 for(int i=0; i<OUT_IN_REPEATE_NUM; i++)
89 {
90 plus="";
91 plusTest(plus);
92 }
93 gettimeofday(&eTime, NULL);
94 long PlusTime = (eTime.tv_sec-sTime.tv_sec)*1000000+(eTime.tv_usec-sTime.tv_usec); //exeTime 单位是微秒
95
96 cout<<"PlusTime is : "<<PlusTime<<endl;
97 cout<<"AppendTime is : "<<AppendTime<<endl;
98 cout<<"SsTime is : "<<SsTime<<endl;
99 cout<<"SprintfTime is :"<<SprintfTime<<endl;
100 if(ss==sprintf && append==plus && ss==plus)
101 {
102 cout<<"They are same"<<endl;
103 }
104 else
105 {
106 cout<<"Different!"<<endl;
107 cout<<"Sprintf: "<<sprintf<<endl;
108 cout<<"ss: "<<ss<<endl;
109 cout<<"Plus: "<<plus<<endl;
110 cout<<"Append:"<<append<<endl;
111 }
112
113 }
测试结果:
在Linux环境下用g++编译以上代码,运行结果如下(时间单位为μm):
外层循环1000000次 |
外层循环100000次 |
外层循环10000次 |
外层循环1000次 |
外层循环100次 |
PlusTime is : 3405450 AppendTime is : 4020078 SsTime is : 7835499 SprintfTime is : 14875433 They are same |
PlusTime is : 337229 AppendTime is : 401719 SsTime is : 788242 SprintfTime is : 1517999 They are same |
PlusTime is : 32177 AppendTime is : 40265 SsTime is : 78928 SprintfTime is : 150839 They are same |
PlusTime is : 3402 AppendTime is : 4074 SsTime is : 7984 SprintfTime is : 15425 They are same |
PlusTime is : 369 AppendTime is : 429 SsTime is : 921 SprintfTime is : 1591 They are same |
结论:
根据以上结果,如果是使用Linux系统并且是g++(gcc)编译器,大量拼接字符串的效率从高到低依次为:+=、append()、stringstream、sprintf()。
——菜鸟吉姆斯原创,如有错误,敬请指正!